Explore the world of 4G technology, from its inception to its advanced features like multimedia support, global mobility, and high internet speed. Learn about the innovative technologies used in 4G networks such as OFDM, UWB, and smart antennas, enabling seamless communication experiences.
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What is 4G? Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an anytime , anywhere basis. It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system. It will provide seamless mobility and internet access at a rate of 100 Mbps.
Features of 4G TECHNOLOGY Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless internet. Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates. Entirely packet-switched network. Global mobility and service portability. Support for previous wireless technologies. High internet speed. tight network security.
OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave. OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver . By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay spread is less than the time interval of cyclic prefix. In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular. Here modulation can performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently as an IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.
UWB(ultra wide band) An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology. It is typically detected as noise. It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices . It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz. It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.
Smart antennas smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information. smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from. There are two types of smart antennas- switched beam antenna:- It has fixed beams of transmission, and switch from predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector. Adaptive array antenna :- It represents the most advanced smart antenna approach to data using a variety of new signal It represent the most advanced smart antenna approach to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.
IPv6 IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 . The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.
QOS(quality of service) In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability. 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%. In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways- Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate. Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls . User-level QOS depends on user mobility and application type .
Software defined ratio(SDR) A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software. The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required. Roaming can be an issue with different standards, but with a software defined radio, users can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.
Application In traffic control. location application. Telemedicine. In crisis management application.
