A-Level Psychology Transition Project: Issues, Debates, Approaches
This research-based project provides a comprehensive grounding for A-Level Psychology, focusing on critical topics such as Social Influence, Memory, Attachment, and more. Covering the essential Issues & Debates section along with Approaches in an independent task format. The project is designed to enhance your understanding and prepare you effectively for your A-Level Psychology studies. Good luck and enjoy the journey with The Psychology Team.
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http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png A Level Psychology Transition Project I D A Toolkit Issues ~ Debates ~ Approaches This research based project is designed to give you an ideal grounding for A Level Psychology. It I particularly important for the Issues and Debates section of the course, along with the additional Approaches you need to cover. Research and complete the tasks independently. Present the tasks in any format you like and bring it with you to your first lesson. Good luck and Enjoy The Psychology Team http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png The AQA Course A Level Topics: Social Influence Memory Attachment Psychopathology Topics: Approaches BioPsychology Research Methods Scientific Process Data Handling Inferential Statistics http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png The AQA Course A Level Topics: Issues & Debates 3 optional topics http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Issues, Debates, Approaches http://mrsguillory.weebly.com/uploads/3/7/8/0/37804717/8836981_orig.jpg Issues: Gender Bias Culture Bias Ethical Implications http://static.wixstatic.com/media/7e19fa_c4dd2b5e688548cf8aff5c7b1f9403d8.jpg Debates: Free Will vs Determinism Holism vs Reductionism Nature vs Nurture Idiographic vs Nomothetic https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTCd0fZt3PXqgN0hmlwp0VmcHYqTgyBEPILb-oCHgno7Gayzu04 Approaches: Origins of Psychology Behaviourist Learning Cognitive Biological Humanistic Psychodynamic https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2014/04/02/10/40/check-304167_960_720.png https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2014/04/02/10/40/check-304167_960_720.png https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2014/04/02/10/40/check-304167_960_720.png https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2014/04/02/10/40/check-304167_960_720.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Issues in Psychology As Psychologists it is important to consider the different issues that might affect theory and research. Past psychological research has been argued to be sexist and culturally discriminative. But has modern day psychology tried to address this? Task 1: Key Term glossary Research and define the following key terms Beta Bias Universality Gender Bias Androcentrism Alpha Bias Culture Bias Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism Free Will Determinism Hard Determinism Soft Determinism Biological Determinism Environmental Determinism Psychic Determinism Heredity Environment Interactionist Approach Holism Reductionism Biological and Environmental Reductionism Social Sensitivity Idiographic Nomothetic Task 2: Battle of the Sexes a) Explain what Gender Bias is and why it is significant in Psychology. b) Explain how the following examples of Psychological Theory/Research could be argued to be Gender Biased http://images.hellogiggles.com/uploads/2015/05/28/marsvenus-500x375c.jpg - - - Fight or Flight Responses Milgram s Study on Obedience Freud s Psychosexual stages Challenge: Whilst answering this task try to refer to the key terms alpha bias beta bias androcentric. http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Issues in Psychology As Psychologists it is important to consider the different issues that might affect theory and research. Past psychological research has been argued to be sexist and culturally discriminative. But has modern day psychology tried to address this? Task 3: Ethno what? Culture bias and ethnocentrism go hand in hand Answer the following . a) b) What s the difference between cultural bias and cultural relativism? What do Psychologists mean by imposed etic when studying cultural differences in behaviour? c) Imagine there was a superhero who wanted to eliminate Ethnocentrism What would his aims be? Why does he want ethnocentrism to be avoided? d) - - - - Explain why the following could be ethnocentric: Asch s Line Study on conformity The DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders Ainsworth s Strange Situation IQ Testing Challenge: Explain why question part c) could be argued to be ethnocentric in itself http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/images/compare-communication-across-cultures.jpg http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Issues in Psychology As Psychologists it is important to consider the different issues that might affect theory and research. Past psychological research has been argued to be sexist and culturally discriminative. But has modern day psychology tried to address this? http://ghscientific.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/taboo.jpg Task 4: Ethical Implications Ethical issues arise when there is conflict between the need to gain valid results whilst preserving the rights of the participants. We have already considered the guidelines laid out by the BPS but we now need to consider the wider ethical implications of conducting psychological research. Explain the following: a) What is meant by socially sensitive or taboo research? Give an example. b) It is also important to consider the use of the research or the influence it has on public policy. What do you think this means? c) Some early research that was considered value-free has now been found to be fraudulent. What do you think the terms under-lined mean in the context of socially sensitive research? Suggest one way that psychologists could avoid fraudulent research Henry Goddard (1917) Race & IQ Goddard gave IQ tests to immigrants to complete as they arrived into the US. He concluded that Russians, Jews, Hungarians and Italians were feeble minded even though the tests required an understanding of English language. 50 years later Shockley (1952) shocked the world (no pun intended!) with a claim that genetic factors could be the reason for lower IQ scores in black people compared to white people in the US. d) Explain why Goddard s research might have been socially sensitive? What implications might this have had on public policy? Challenge: Explain why Goddard s research could also have been accused of being ethnocentric or culturally biased http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Debates in Psychology As we already know there are different schools or approaches of Psychology. Each have a set of assumptions behind behaviour. There lies the debate. Is behaviour a product of nature or nurture? Is it a choice or is it determined for us? Should we be looked at as a whole or as individual parts which interact? The debate is ON! Task 5: The case for . The case against There are 4 main debates in Psychology: 1) Nature/Nurture 2) Reductionism/Holism 3) Free Will/Determinism 4) Idiographic/Nomothetic http://humboldt.edu/elearning/uploads/2013/10/Debate.jpg For each debate on behaviour create arguments for and against each side. You should also try to place approaches, theories and studies into whichever side they argue for. (Hint! You might wish to come back to this after you have completed the Approaches section of this project!) Below is a example format . But you can do it in whatever style you prefer! Suggested format (You should explain your points more than the example below) Nature = Human behaviour is innate and universal. Nurture = Human behaviour is based on environmental influence. Learning and behaviourist approaches Genetics Genotypes/Phenotypes Heredity Social Learning Theory Classical Conditioning Evolution Majority influence Obedience (Asch/Milgram) Twin Studies Drug therapy Systematic Desensitisation as a therapy for phobias. Biological Approach CNS/PNS Challenge: Is it possible to add a both or interactionist column to your table? Are there any links across the different debates? http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Approaches in Psychology So we have already looked at 4 main approaches but what about the other two? Let s find out where they fit into Psychology . Task 6: Good old Freud https://d3ui957tjb5bqd.cloudfront.net/images/screenshots/products/30/304/304428/iceberg_580-f.jpg?1421246739 Watch the following: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vFf5CS27-Y Based on the video and your own research answer the following: a) Why did Freud liken the human mind to an iceberg? What s the link? Explain Freud described the personality as tripartite. What did he mean by this and what is his theory on the personality? What are defence mechanisms and where do they fit into the personality? Produce a storyboard or diagram to show Freud s Psycho-sexual stages of development. Why are these so controversial? b) c) Task 7: Are we Human... or are we dancer? a) Listen to the Killers Human, What do you think the Lyrics mean? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIZdjT1472Y How might this song relate to the main assumptions of Humanistic Psychology? What is the Humanistic Approach? http://www.guide2secret.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Are-We-Human-by-The-Killers.jpg b) Watch the following: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDT6v01J9_8 Produce a resource on Roger s ideas on the self and Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs. Ensure you explain all key concepts. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/MaslowsHierarchyOfNeeds.svg/2000px-MaslowsHierarchyOfNeeds.svg.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Well done! You made it! Well done you have made it! You ve covered issues, debates AND the new approaches! Now time to tie it all together .Get ready for .. http://www.clker.com/cliparts/r/E/e/o/O/R/color-chain-links-md.png Task 8: Synoptic Challenge! All of the content you have just researched, explained and made look pretty, links together. So now it s over to you to show how Produce a comparison of all of the approaches we have looked at (Biological, Cognitive, Learning, Behaviourist, Psychodynamic & Humanistic). You have free reign on this one. Produce it however you prefer but whatever you do you should try to compare them based on the following criteria Nature / Nurture Reductionism / Holism Determinism (Hard / Soft) / Free Will Idiographic / Nomothetic Good Luck http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.pnghttp://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png Useful Resources & Further Reading To help you on your way Websites & Videos - Freud s Theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQaqXK7z9LM - http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychology-debates.html - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXw6CLkwgYU - http://hubpages.com/education/Psychology-Issues-And-Debates - https://www.mytutorweb.co.uk/answers/128/A- Level/Psychology/1.%09What+are+the+key+approaches,+issues+and+ debates+in+psychology+and+how+can+I+include+them+in+my+essay s%3F+(AQA) Books: AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1 and AS Student Book Cara Flanagan & Dave Berry AQA Psychology for A Level Year 2 Cara Flanagan & Dave Berry Gross Psychology Richard Gross Head down to the School Library to discover our new Psychology section including Gross Psychology above! http://beenhakkerlab.pharm.virginia.edu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/brain-border.png
