Ablative Review for the Ages

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This comprehensive review covers the various uses of the ablative case in Latin grammar, including ablative of means, accompaniment, agent, manner, time, respect, and the ablative absolute. Examples and explanations for each usage are provided to aid in understanding and mastery of this essential aspect of Latin language.

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ABLATIVE REVIEW FOR THE AGES

ABLATIVE OF MEANS NO PREPOSITION IS THE MEANS OR INSTRUMENT USED TO DO THE VERB NEVER PEOPLE TRANSLATE AS BY MEANS OF OR WITH Example Gladiator gladi virum miserum interf cit. The gladiator killed the poor man by means of a sword.

ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT USES PREPOSITION -CUM IS PERSON OR ANIMAL TRANSLATE AS WITH OR ALONG WITH DESCRIBES THE PERSON/ANIMAL ACCOMPANYING Example: Mater ad ludumcum su fili ambulat. Mother is walking with her daughter to school.

ABLATIVE OF AGENT USES PREPOSITION - /AB (DO YOU KNOW WHEN TO USE OR AB?) TRANSLATE AS BY MUST BE PASSIVE VOICE!!! MUST BE PERSON (OCCASSIONALY ANIMALS) 3 PS! DESCRIBES THE AGENT DOING THE VERB. CONTRAST THIS WITH ACTIVE VOICE WHERE THE SUBJECT DOES THE VERB. Example: Captivus militeRoman in arenamductus est. The prisoner was led into the arena by the Roman soldier.

ABLATIVE OF MANNER CANUSE PREPOSITION CUM 3 WAYS TO FORM CUM + ABLATIVE NOUN ABLATIVE ADJECTIVE + CUM + ABLATIVE NOUN DIPLOMA WAY ABLATIVE ADJECTIVE + ABLATIVE NOUN DESCRIBES THE WAY ONE FEELS ABOUT DOING THE VERB Examples: Puercum studi librum l git. The boy read the book with enthusiasm. Hostis ad castramagn cum timore accedit. The enemy approaches the camp with great fear. Poeta carmennovummult gaudi scribit. The poet is writing the new poem with much joy.

ABLATIVE OF TIME (WITHIN WHICH) NO PREPOSITION DESCRIBES SPECIFIC POINT IN TIME AT WHICH SOMETHING IS TAKING PLACE (NEVER LENGTH OF TIME) EASY IF YOU LOOK FOR TIME WORDS! Example: H c hieme cum me s parentibusin provinic maneb . In this winter I will stay with my parents in the province.

ABLATIVE OF RESPECT (SPECIFICATION) NO PREPOSITION DESCRIBES THE RESPECT TO WHICH SOMETHING IS OR IS DONE USUALLY A NOUN PLAYING OFF OF A VERB OR AN ADJECTIVE CAN TRANSLATE AS IN RESPECT TO OR IN Examples Fratr s par saetate paene sunt. The brothers are almost equal in age. Athl taeGraec celeritate athl t s R m n s semper superant. The Greek athletes always surpass the Roman athletes in speed.

ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE USES AN ABLATIVE NOUN USUALLY MODIFIED BY AN ABLATIVE PARTICIPLE (MOST COMMON IS PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE BUT CAN BE ANYPARTICIPLE) DESCRIBES THE TIME OR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE REST OF THE SENTENCE BUTDOESN T GRAMMATICALLY CONNECT TO REST OF SENTENCE!!! VERY OBVIOUS WHEN YOU SEE THEM AND VERY, VERY COMMON. I PREFER LITERAL TRANSLATION SO THAT I KNOW YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING. Example: Nostr nav fract , castra noctemtotumposuimus. With our ship having been broken, we pitched camp for the whole night.

ABLATIVES OF PLACE FROM & TO PLACE FROM - PREPOSITIONS /AB, D , /EX /AB AWAY FROM D DOWN FROM, ABOUT OR CONCERNING (MORE COMMON) /EX OFF OF, FROM, OUT OF PLACE TO - PREPOSITIONS IN TRANSLATE - IN , ON