Achieving Gender Equality in Management Positions: A Study on Women's Representation in Andalusian Universities

8 8th thInternational Conference on Management Studies International Conference on Management Studies (ICMS (ICMS- -2022,) June, 10 2022,) June, 10 Alexander Maz-Machado David Guti rrez-Rubio Carmen Corpas-Reina Cristina Pedrosa-Jes s www.EUROKD.com

Authors Photos Please add each author s photo here. ICMS-2022 2

Authors short biographies Alexander Maz-Machado. Degree in Mathematics and Physics from the University of Tolima. Specialist in Mathematics Education from the University of Tolima. PhD from the Department of Didactics of Mathematics at the University of Granada. David Guti rrez-Rubio. Degree in Mathematics from the University of Seville, class of 1992/97. PhD in Mathematics from the University of Seville in 2001. Master's Degree in Secondary Education Teaching (2016/17). Carmen Corpas-Reina. PhD in Psychopedagogy from the University of Cordoba, Hired Doctor by the UCO. Department of Education: MIDE Area (Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education). Cristina Pedrosa-Jes s. PhD from the Social and Legal Sciences Programme at the University of Cordoba (2020). Master's degree in research in teaching and learning in social sciences, experimental sciences and mathematics (2015/16). ICMS-2022 3

Introduction Achieving gender equality in representative positions is one of the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for the development of the Sustainable Development Goals of the Spanish government. The autonomous community of Andalusia (Spain) has a total of 10 public universities, organized into faculties and technical schools. In all these centers there is a need for staff to carry out management functions, and it is relevant to ask about the presence of women in these management positions. ICMS-2022 4

The Literature Review Several studies point out that women continue to occupy disadvantaged positions in higher education (Blackmore 2003; David 2003; Matini & Meschitti, 2018). Many criteria and promotion mechanisms reflect gender norms, favouring hegemonic male behaviours (Coate & Kandiko Howson, 2016), O'Connor (2014). ICMS-2022 5

The Literature Review There are still few women in management positions, whether in companies, high courts or public agencies, even though at the lowest levels the women are parity and highly qualified, they still do not assume management and leadership positions in organisations (Castro, et al., 2019). The challenge towards a true culture of gender equality in universities is still pending and it is essential to approach it from a comprehensive co-educational model (Dur n, 2022). ICMS-2022 6

The Study The aim of this study is to find out what is the representation of women in the faculties and university centers of Andalusia, specifically in the field of center management (Faculties or Technical Schools). ICMS-2022 7

Methodology This study uses a quantitative descriptive and ex post facto methodology. The scope of the study consisted of all public universities in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Sevilla, Granada, C rdoba, C diz, Jaen, Almer a, Huelva, M laga, Pablo de Olavide, Internacional de Andaluc a). ICMS-2022 8

Methodology In February 2022, all the information on the management bodies of the faculties, colleges and departments that the universities themselves offer on their websites was accessed for data collection. This information was entered into an ad hoc database and analyzed. A total of 131 centers were analyzed. ICMS-2022 9

Results The University of Granada has the highest percentage of women in management positions with 20.41%, followed by the University of Cadiz with 14.26%. 62.6% of the deans or directors are men, while 37.4% are women. In 3 of the 10 universities there are more women than men in management positions. ICMS-2022 10

Results Distribution of positions in Faculties or Higher Technical Schools by gender and university in Andalusia. Gender University % Female % Male Univ Pablo Olavide Univ C rdoba Univ Granada Univ Almeria Univ Cadiz Univ Huelva Univ Internacional Andalucia Univ Jaen Univ Malaga Univ Sevilla Total 4 6 3 4 57,14 60,00 38,46 40,00 43,75 55,56 25,00 42,86 29,41 16,00 37,40 42,86 40,00 61,54 60,00 56,25 44,44 75,00 57,14 70,59 84,00 62,60 10 16 4 7 5 1 3 5 4 6 9 4 3 4 12 21 82 49 ICMS-2022 11

Results Percentage of men and women responsible for the management and administration of Faculties or Higher Technical Schools 80 71.43 70.37 70 61.54 Percentage 60.00 60 52.17 47.83 50 40.00 38.46 40 29.63 28.57 30 20 10 0 Arts and Humanities Sciences Health Sciences Social and Legal Sciences Engineering and Architecture Men (%) Women (%) ICMS-2022 12

Results In the faculties of education, women deans account for 71.43 % compared to 28.57 % of men. In the management of other types of institutions (campuses, doctoral programmes) 85.71 % are the responsibility of men, compared to 14.29 % of women. ICMS-2022 13

Results Percentage of vice-rectorates by university and gender Gender University Female % Male % Total Univ Pablo Olavide Univ C rdoba Univ Granada Univ Almeria Univ Cadiz Univ Huelva Univ Internacional Andalucia Univ Jaen Univ Malaga Univ Sevilla Total 4 5 2 3 5 6 44,44 50,00 25,00 33,33 50,00 66,67 5 5 6 6 5 3 55,56 50,00 75,00 66,67 50,00 33,33 9 10 8 9 10 9 2 4 4 7 42 33,33 40,00 33,33 77,78 45,65 4 6 8 2 66,67 60,00 66,67 22,22 54,35 6 10 12 9 50 92 ICMS-2022 14

Discussion Although in many of the universities in Andalusia steps have been taken to equalize the presence of women in academic or administrative management positions, there are still imbalances. In general, in the vice-rectorships, the gender patterns that are found at the level of the Faculties or Higher Technical Schools are reproduced. ICMS-2022 15

Discussion By macro-area in these administrative units, the greatest gender bias is observed in Arts & Humanities and Engineering & Architecture. The Social and Legal Sciences macro area is the one where there is the greatest balance between men and women in the management of the centers. Within this macro-area, the situation is remarkable in the Faculties of Education, where the gender balance is reversed. ICMS-2022 16

Discussion In general, the vice-rectorates reproduce the gender patterns that occur at the level of the Faculties or Higher Technical Schools. However, in some universities, steps have been taken to achieve equality or to reduce the gender gap as much as possible (University of Cordoba, University of Cadiz and University Pablo de Olavide). ICMS-2022 17

Implications This study has shown that despite the increase in state laws and regulations to combat gender discrimination, there is still a long way to go before these measures are effectively applied in universities, at least in the case of the Andalusian region. ICMS-2022 18

Suggestions for Further Research Extend the analysis to other administrative units such as the departments and auxiliary units present in Andalusian universities (Equality Unit, University Ombudsman, etc.). ICMS-2022 19

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