Acquiring Skills in Sports and the Olympic Movement: Enhancing Performance and Safety

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TEXT 1 1_Success in a sport requires the acquisition and perfection of highly coordinated Movements, that is, the skills of the sport. 2_ Many of these movement are potentially dangerous or become so by the Circumstance under which they are performed. 3_Thus, it is the goal for every athlete to become highly proficient in the skills of His or her sport in order to be successful and to perform without injury.

text1 4_Frequently it is the novice or less-skilled individual who is at considerable risk Because of complexity of adapting to those sport situation for which the Performer is unprepared. 5_As a result the athlete may be injured, endanger others on the playing field, or In some cases cause injury to the spectators.

Text 2 OLYMPIC MOVEMENT A.The International Olympic committee (Ioc) Formed in 1894 in paris by pierre de coubertin, the IOC is the independent. Private organization that directs and governs the Olympic movement and the Olympic Games.

text2 The IOC is governed by its Olympic Charter which outlines the Rules, By-laws, and instructions for organizing the Olympic Games. French and Eenglish are the official languages of the IOC. Almost all IOC sessions are conducted whit additional simultaneous translation into Spanish, Russian and German. The IOC chooses its own members and in 1985 had 92 members from 78 countries

text3 (1) During exercise, your heart rate combines with your stroke volume to provide an appropriate cardiac output for the rate of work you are performing. (2)At maximal or near maximal rates of work, your body might adjust your heart rate to provide the optimal combination of heart rate and stroke volume to maximize your cardiac output. (3) If your heart rate is too fast, diastol, the period of ventricular filling, is reduced and your stroke volume might be compromised.

text3 .(4) For example, if your HR max is 180 beats per minute, your heart beats three times per second .(5) Each cardiac cycle thus lasts for only 0.33 s. (6) Diastol is as short as 0.150 s or less. (7) As a consequence, your stroke volume could decrease. (8) However, if your heart rate slows, your ventricles would have longer to fill

Text 3 (9) Perhaps this is why highly trained endurance athletes tend to have lower HR max values. Their hearts have adapted to training by drastically increasing their stroke volumes so lower HR max values can training by drastically increasing their stroke volumes so lower HR max values can provide optimum cardiac output.

text4 (1) To understand human movement in all of its various facets, it is necessary to know the body s mechanism for that movement. (2) This involves a knowledge of the human skeleton with its joints and the limitations placed on movement by them. (3) Since bones cannot move of their own accord, they are acted upon by muscles contracting with force

text4 (4) However, muscles are only robots until activated by the nervous system with its feedback processes. (5) All willed human movement and conditioned reflexes that. (6) The nervous system acting as the instigator, initiates movement in the beginning and then controls its patterning throughout the sequence. (7) The muscles, acting across joints to from the lever system of the body, furnish the force for movement in all of its myriad possibilities.

text5 The Administrator as a physical being The administrator must not only have the ability to communicate verbally with the staff but must also communicate physically. Proper body language depicts confidence in one s ability and encourages the respect of colleagues. A department chair person or athletic director should set an example by presenting and appearance that reflects success and represents the objectives of the organization.

text5 An administrator who appears fit and well-groomed who exhibits good posture and well-being, is seen as one who possesses vitality, endurance, and a belief in the profession. This image is an important factor in physical education and athletic administration.