Active Components in Electronics
Explore the world of active components in electronics, including semiconductor devices and tube devices such as junction diodes, Zener diodes, LEDs, and transistors. Learn how these components function and their crucial roles in processing and amplifying electrical signals.
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Presentation Transcript
Active components
Active components are those electronic components which are capable of processing or amplifying an electrical signal. Although, there are so many active components used in electronic circuits, but all the active electronic components may be classified into two type as under: Active Components Semiconductor Devices Tube Devices
Junction Diode Tube Devices Zener Diode Semicond uctor Devices LED Vacuum Tubes Vacuum Diode Vacuum Triode Vacuum Pentode BJT ICs Gas Tubes Gas Diode Thyratron Etc..
Junction Diode: The term diode denotes a two-electrode device. A semiconductor diode is simply a P-N junction with connecting leads or terminals on the two sides of the P-N junction. P-N junction is also called the crystal diode because the P-N junction is grown out of crystal.
ZENER Diode ZENER Diode Zener diodes are used to maintain a fixed voltage. They are designed to 'breakdown' in a reliable and non-destructive way so that they can be used in reverse to maintain a fixed voltage across their terminals. The diagram shows how they are connected, with a resistor in series to limit the current.
Light Emitting Diode LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them. LEDs are based on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes and energy is released in the form of light. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.
A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals. Device with three terminals where one terminal can be use to control the flow of current through the other two terminals. The three terminals are Emitter, Base and Collector Transistor are of two types: n-p-n A straight switch p-n-p A inverted switch
n-p-n as straight switch When base of n-p-n is connected with logic high voltage then it short circuit emitter and collector (SWITCH ON). When base of n-p-n is connected with logic low voltage then it open circuit both emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF). p-n-p as inverted switch When base of p-n-p is connected with logic high voltage then it open circuit emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF). When base of p-n-p is connected with logic low voltage then it short circuit both emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).
COMMONLY USED INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Comparator IC Comparator IC A Comparator is a device which compares two voltages or currents and switches its output to indicate which is larger. Comparator is an Op-amp. PIN DIAGRAM LM 358
555 Timer 555 Timer The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer applications PIN DIAGRAM
LM7805 (3 TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATER) This is used to make the stable voltage of +5V for circuits. The LM7805 is three terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-220 - package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications
