Advanced Content Delivery Network Insights
Discover the world of Content Delivery Networks (CDN) with insights on engineering, network deployment, design themes, Akamai statistics, DNS resolution, and more. Explore the strategies, technologies, and services providing protection against attacks and ensuring efficient web page delivery. Learn about Akamai's peak performance, server clusters, and fail-over mechanisms. Gain knowledge on embedded image delivery, DNS resolution processes, and server pool resources. Witness a view of clusters and data center operations, analyzing hardware failure prevention and network robustness.
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Presentation Transcript
Engineering a Content Delivery Network Bruce Maggs
CDN Services Video delivery Software delivery Web-page delivery Domain name system services Protection against attacks
Network Deployment 175000+ Servers 1300+ Networks 139+ Countries Current Installations
Akamai Statistics Peak bit rate: over 33 trillion bps (4-14-2015) Peak IPv4 HTTP daily requests: over 2.7 trillion (5-13-15) Peak IPv6 HTTP daily requests: over 50 billion 812 million unique IPv4 addresses connected to Akamai in Q1 2015
Design Themes Redundancy Self-assessment Fail-over at multiple levels Robust algorithms
Embedded Image Delivery (e.g., Facebook) Embedded URLs are Converted to ARLs <html> <head> <title>Welcome to xyz.com!</title> </head> <body> <img src= <img src= <h1>Welcome to our Web site!</h1> <a href= page2.html >Click here to enter</a> </body> </html> ak http://www.xyz.com/logos/logo.gif > http://www.xyz.com/jpgs/background.jpg >
Akamai DNS Resolution xyz.com 5 .com .net Root (Verisign) 4 10.10.123.5 xyz.com s nameserver akamai.net 8 a212.g.akamai.net 7 9 6 15.15.125.6 select cluster ak.xyz.com 10g.akamai.net 11 20.20.123.55 Akamai High-Level DNS Servers 12a212.g.akamai.net 30.30.123.513 Akamai Low-Level DNS Servers select servers within cluster Local Name Server 3 End User 14 16 1 2 Browser s Cache 15 OS
FirstPoint DNS (e.g., Microsoft!) Selects from among several mirror sites operated by content provider
Akamai Cluster Servers pool resources RAM Disk Throughput
View of Clusters buddy suspended hardware failure odd man out suspended datacenter
Network Failures E.g., congestion at public and private peering points, misconfigured routers, inaccessible networks, etc., etc., etc.
Core Points X 1 2 3 4 Core point X is the first router at which all paths to nameservers 1, 2, 3, and 4 intersect. X can be viewed as the straddling the core and the edge of the network.
Core Points 500,000 nameservers reduced to 90,000 core points 7,000 account for 95% end-user load
Engineering Methodology C programming language (gcc). Reliance on open-source code. Large distributed testing systems. Burn-in on invisible system. Staged rollout to production. Backwards compatibility.
