Advanced Fusion Research Plans for 2022: EUROfusion Consortium Updates

FSD planning meeting (AWP23) Garching, 14-16 September 2022 WPSA AWP 23 plans C.Sozzi (PL) G.Falchetto, E.Belonohy, J.Ayllon, J.Garcia, A. Di Bastiano This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No 101052200 EUROfusion). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the European Commission can be held responsible for them.

Background Integrated Commissioning (plasma phase in particular) definitely in 2023 => change in scope of the annual activity from Machine Enhancement to Operation Enhancement projects started in FP8 going towards the installation phase (with different amounts of delay) => completion of the pre-installation phase requires a share of the FP9 resources Experiment team: After the selection of the ET Leaders (2021), the topical group leaders have been nominated (2022) and have started to work Drafting the elements of the first phase of experimentation (OP2 and OP3) Associated modeling activity Priorities for diagnostics Within EUROfusion, 2 (out of 3) contact persons have been selected: the aim of this role is Facilitate the interaction of the Japanese TGLs Help in promoting the scientific contribution of the EU experts in the related topic 2 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

CM plans for 2023 Gloria Falchetto IC related topics: ECWC, breakdown modelling, startup runaway detection Development of a Disruption trigger alarm for mitigation / validation of disruption modelling EDICAM tools (tomographic reconstruction) ThermoHydraulics calculations (operation/commissioning analysis in quasi steady state and Quench/Safety analysis) to minimize operational risks Scenario modelling all aspects: discharge simulator, core transport/turbulence, MHD and fast particles stability focus on scenario revision to identify feasibility, limits and needs for advanced modelling definition of use cases for trainings Pedestal and Edge/SOL divertor modelling Interface with equilibrium Benchmark of SOLPS_ITER to SONIC scenario 2 (full Ip inductive SND) initial phase SOLEDGE modelling integrated to core conditions SOLPS_ITER scenario 2 in C modelling with Ar Langmuir probe assessment (ACD design) Synthetic diagnostics TPCI (GENE modelling of scenario 2) FILD ASCOT=> obtain fast-ion losses on first wall estimate thermal plasma heat load on detector head FILDSIM to optimise detector head geometry Iterative process including thermomechanical FEM analysis MCNP to estimate background noise in scintillator due to nuclear reactions Estimate optical throughput VUV (within the EEG) 3 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Experiment team responsibilities and duties for the period 2022-2024 Jeronimo Garcia 1. Define scientific priorities for the experimental campaigns OP2 and OP3 2. Propose to QST and WPSA modelling activities coherent with experimental priorities in OP2 and OP3. This will be done by reinforcing the joint activities between the Japanese and Europeans researchers. For that purpose, joint meetings led by the Topical Group Leaders are being organized. 3. Prioritize machine enhancements for OP2-OP3. This prioritization is done coherently with the scientific priorities for OP2 and OP3. 4. Define a set of working groups related to topics in which the operator (QST), F4E and EUROfusion have different responsibilities, e.g. real time control techniques, disruptions database, integrated data validation or diagnostics. 5. Define and prioritize a set of machine actuators upgrades for plasma control, e.g. more ECRH power or an ICRH antenna that could be proposed profiting the long period of shut down. Suggest to QST and WPSA asset of modeling activities that can be useful in this direction. 6. Define the JT-60SA pinboard. 7. The ET will be responsible for the coordination of the integrated commissioning analyses. The ET will participate in the IC and will advise QST about potential improvements that could be done in view of boosting the scientific output after the IC. Participating in the ITPA groups with results from the IC will be considered as an important point in order to highlight the machine results before reaching OP2. Taking into account that there will be a long shut down after the IC, maximizing the scientific output from the IC is a priority. 8. In addition, the Experiment Team will run the experiments in the OP.2 phase which is here assumed to start before the end of 2025. 4 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Experiment Team and IC The experiment team members from Europe (1 Experiment Team Leader and 3 Topical Group Leaders) and perhaps in some extent the EU contact persons for the Topical Groups are expected to participate as observer to the IC in 2023 in order to gain direct experience on JT-60SA. Moreover, they are expected to contribute to the IC data analysis and to the following scientific exploitation in the terms established within the JT-60SA Project. The selection of the regular experimental team members participating to the JT-60SA campaign is planned roughly 1 year before the actual start of the experiments, (so in 2024). Until that time, the effort for the analysis related to IC and in general to the preliminary phase of preparation of the scientific campaigns will be shared among the present ET members and the present WPSA contributors within the three areas of CM (mainly), OP and ENH. Working groups: Real time control led by the Operation Regime Development TGL Disruption avoidance techniques and disruption database led by MHD Stability and Control TGL Integrated Data Management: in preparation Diagnostics (status, requests): under discussion 5 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

WPSA Operations Primary goals in 2023 Eva Belonohy (Contribute to) successful execution of the first integrated commissioning activities in 2023. Capture and share the commissioning and operations experience. Start the preparation of the commissioning of EU enhancement projects reviewing their needs, and connection to protection systems, evaluate the impact on the machine time, Include target plasmas for calibration/commissioning Preparation of the draft commissioning procedure by the time the system arrives to Naka (template inspired by the procedures adopted in EU machines) Start building a team of EUROfusion experts to support the operational activities of future campaigns 6 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Operational topics for the integrated commissioning: pre-plasma & first plasma Pre-plasma phase Superconducting coils will not be Paschen tight => active protection to detect LOVA/LOCA causing Paschen conditions being developed by F4E Support to cryo-magnet commissioning (also using modelling) Clean conditions essential to support breakdown and avoid runaway generation => Support to Wall Conditioning (baking, GDC, ECWC) also using modeling validated in EU devices Support to the calibration of Magnetic sensors (Remote) data access and IT tools during IC => Test of REC from La Bergerie (Cadarache) First plasma Breakdown modelling support with reduced voltage/currents and other limiting conditions EC assisted BD, with EC single or multi- frequency (01 and X2) Modeling of the Impact of impurities on BD Support with expertise in plasma operations (vacuum conditioning, breakdown, runaway avoidance strategies, plasma ramp-up, flattop) from UKAEA, CEA, ENEA (SLs, EIC) Support with expertise in RE generation (rather avoidance) at start-up RE detection via processed EDICAM images (synchrotron radiation and/or snow-like effect) Explore possibility of basic RE control Plasma current ~ 500 kA Support to Equilibrium control CREATE tools available for cross-check, experts on site during IC Offer discharge simulator training to the team (possibly on the IC scenario availableas well) Develop disruption database 7 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

FP8 Enhancement Projects Juan Ayllon EDICAM already commissioned without plasma: Ready for operation with plasma, contributing to machine commissioning FP8 projects (Edge TS, Div VUV, MGI, FILD, PLS, Criopumps) in manufacturing/procurement phase (except FILD scheduled for later installation) with most deliveries expected during 2022 (except PLS): Important work of monitoring evolution of components manufacturing (iterations with different companies involved) Activity on testing/verification/validation of specs fulfilment For some projects (FILD, MGI, VUV, PLS), PA signature pending (expected during 2022): FILD, VUV and PLS relying on radiation shielding assessment for some components QST requirement => significant impact in space occupation and budget => New activity in WPSA: N&G shielding assessment for FP8 projects In collaboration with F4E Developed by Milano team (CNR-ISTP, UniMiB) Mainly in 2022 with possible extension for upcoming years (depending on the needs) 8 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

FP9 Enhancement Projects Mature projects (TPCI, DR, EC Stray) to update/finalize proposal during 2022: Progress in mechanical design and assessments Timeline and budget estimation Other and newer projects (Neutronics, Gamma, BES, UF reflectometry, Divertor IR imaging) encouraged to complete feasibility studies with special focus on: Completing assessments ongoing Converging the work done (2021-2022) Reports on IDM by mid November 2022 Report on Enhancements to be provided by WPSA Coordination Team Grant Deliverable (Dec 2022): SA.D.04 Documented plan of EU enhancement programme for BA Phase II 2025- 2029 Priorities on machine enhancements connected with the initial scientific programme being defined by the Experiment Team: expected to be ready by Sep/Oct 2022 => Align diagnostics with physics being studied in each operation phase In 2023 support only for high priority systems aiming to develop the conceptual design and later implementation in BA Phase II Need for edge (pedestal + SOL) temperature + density characterization: explore possible proposals 9 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Other elements in the AWP 2023 JT-60SA International Fusion School Aiming to first edition in September 2023, preparation ongoing. EEG on Divertor VUV diagnostics Selection ongoing Analysis of the Integrated Commissioning data Call for interest to EUROfusion members for IC analysis (once IC is well established) 10 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Grant Agreement Milestones GA Milestone No. GA Milestone Title Due Date [mm/yyyy] Proposed revised due date (at the PB in March 2022) Proposed revised due date to be discussed at the next PB SA.M.01 Participation in the Integrated Commissioning before plasma operations June 2021 SA.M.02 Start of the EU-REC project Apr. 2022 SA.M.03 Decision on plan and resources of EU enhancements for BA Phase II 2025-2029 Mar. 2023 June 2023 SA.M.04 Call to start EU enhancement programme for 2025-2029 Jun. 2023 Sept. 2023 SA.M.05 Start of the new EU enhancement projects (TBD) Start of the new EU enhancement projects (TBD) Oct. 2023 Nov. 2023 SA.M.06 Dec. 2023* Dec. 2024* Dec. 2025* Participation to the development of scenario at high plasma current in H-mode *Milestones dependent on external conditions to which the workpackage is constrained 11 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Grant Agreement Deliverables GA Deliverable No. GA Deliverable Title Due Date [mm/yyyy] Proposed revised due date (at the PB in March 2022) Proposed revised due date to be discussed at the next PB SA.D.01 SA.D.02 Appointment of Experiment Leader from EU (after call issued end 2020) Report on the first phase of the Integrated Commissioning (before plasma operations). Results and return of experience, mainly for DTT Final Report on the Integrated Commissioning (including plasma operations) Report on the initial organisation of the JT-60SA scientific exploitation Documented plan of EU enhancement programme for BA Phase II 2025-2029 Delivery and final tests of EU-REC completed Installation of the EU systems before the OP2 campaign. *Report on participation to the OP.2 campaign. Results and return of experience Apr. 2021 Dec. 2021* SA.D.08 SA.D.03 SA.D.04 SA.D.05 SA.D.06 SA.D.07 Dec. 2022* Dec.2023 Dec. 2021 May 2022 Jan 2023 Jun. 2023 Dec. 2024* Dec. 2022 Jun. 2023 Jun.2024 Dec. 2024 Dec. 2025* SA.D.10 Dec. 2025* Delivery of EU procurements (TBD) for the OP3 campaign completed. *Deliverable dependent on external conditions to which the workpackage is constrained 12 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Work Package Milestones (2022&2023) Table 22C-1: Work Package Milestones (annual targets to be achieved) (WP-M) for [2022] Sequential Related WP Milestone Title Due Date Related Criticality of Relation to the GA D/M (high/low) WP-M ID WPM01 WBS ID [mm/yyyy] 10/2022 GA D/M No. SA.D.02 SA.SE.OP Commissioning of the EDICAM camera system on plasma Completion of the exploratory studies on the new enhancements Successful test of the upgraded version of the METIS-NICE coupling with all controllers (current, gaps, vertical stability) on a typical JT-60SA discharge flat-top high WPM02 SA.SE.EN 12/2022 SA.D.04 high WPM03 SA.SE.CM 11/2022 SA.D.02 high Work Package Milestones (annual targets to be achieved) (WP-M) proposed for [2023] Sequential Related WP Milestone Title Due Date Related Criticality of Relation to the GA D/M (high/low) WP-M ID WPM01 WBS ID [mm/yyyy] 12/2023 GA D/M No. SA.D.02 SA.SE.OP Commissioning of the EDICAM camera system on plasma Readiness for installation of EU-led systems: Divertor criopumps, Edge TS, Divertor VUV, MGI Start of systematic training for the discharge simulator and other mature tools high WPM04 SA.SE.EN 12/2023 WPM05 SA.SE.CM 06/2023 WPM06 SA.SE.EX Start of all the 6 TGs and of the WGs 06/2023 13 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 2022

Resources Year Tot. Res. (k ) 2022/09 3,468 11 69 1,128 969 1,291 2,987 211 302 1,151 991 332 0 0 318 55 55 103 52 53 389 75 77 78 79 80 2,894 369 592 673 627 633 1,888 0 200 281 328 1,078 2,888 128 324 1,000 686 750 14,832 Year Total Cons. Contr. (k ) 2022/09 2,617 8 48 824 702 1,035 1,492 106 149 575 495 166 0 0 159 27 28 51 26 26 272 53 54 54 55 56 1,399 175 287 327 304 307 1,017 0 117 159 183 558 1,444 64 162 500 343 375 8,401 SA SA - Mission 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 SA-EN SA-EN 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 SA-IC SA-IC* 2021 2021 SA-JIFS SA-JIFS 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 SA-PM SA-PM 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 SA-SE.CM SA-SE.CM 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 SA-SE.EX SA-SE.EX 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 SA-SE.OP SA-SE.OP 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 C. Sozzi | WPSA AWP 23 plans | FSD Planning Meeting | Garching Sept 202214 TOTALE TOTAL