Advancing Self-Care and Responsible Self-Medication for a Healthier Future
Self-care encompasses actions individuals take to maintain health, prevent illness, and manage diseases, while self-medication empowers patients to treat short or chronic illnesses without consulting a doctor. Challenges faced by health systems include demographic changes, globalization, and financial realities. Societal trends show a growing demand for patient engagement and consumer participation in healthcare decisions. Consumer-driven self-care is driven by attitudes favoring OTC medications across categories like pain management, cold, flu, and more.
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What do Self-Care and Self-Medication mean for Consumers Advancing Self-Care and Responsible Self-Medication for a Healthier Future 5 6 October 2015, Mexico City Dr. Gerald Dziekan, Director General World Self-Medication Industry (WSMI)
Self-Care and Self-Medication Self-Care is the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote health, prevent disease, and maintain health and to cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a health-care provider. WHO working group, 2013 Self-medication empowers patients to treat or prevent short term or chronic illnesses which they consider not requiring the consultation of a physician or which may be treated by the people after an initial medical diagnosis. European Commission, 2008 Self-care includes the actions people take for themselves ( ) to stay fit and maintain good physical and mental health ( ) prevent illness or accidents; care for minor ailments and long-term conditions. UK Department of Health, Self-Care A real choice, 2004
Challenges for Health Systems Mega Trends Demographic changes (ageing) Globalization, societal change (health awareness, demand for involvement) NCDs, life-style diseases ( diseases of the affluent ) Financial realities, challenges
Societal trends towards greater patient and consumer participation Growing demand for patient engagement, empowerment Internet consultations: Websites with disease- and drug-specific information webMD.com, patient.co.uk, familydoctor.co.uk Internet Fora for patients / consumers: 176 websites with patient information (2012, EU) 200 tested apps providing information and guidance to patients and consumers (2013, European Directory of Health Apps) Large number of organizations such as: International Alliance of Patient Organizations (e.g. portal on patient-centered healthcare), European Network on Patient Empowerment (ENOPE), national Self Care Fora / Alliances Online pharmacy: 1 in 5 prefer buying OTC medicines online; .pharmacy domain created (FIP communication) Overarching objective: to provide safe, high-quality medicines and to support safe and appropriate use of medicines
Patient and Consumer driven Self-Care Consumer attitudes inform behaviour (PAGB, 2012) Top Five OTC Categories Searches on Google (2014, Google US data) 67% The medicines you can buy are just as effective as those from the doctor If I have a minor problem I am confident I can decide what to do It is important to me to have medicines to buy for minor problems I would buy the same medicine again 1 billion 650 million 160 million 120 million 110 million Vitamins & Supplements Pain Management Cold & Flu Heartburn Seasonal Allergies 70% 79% 86% % of population self-medicating
Understanding Influences on Self-Care Behavior The Consumer Journey, WSMI, 2014
Patient Engagement Health literacy - cognitive and social skills determining motivation and ability to access, understand and use information to promote and maintain health WHO definition of Health Literacy Patient activation knowledge, skills, ability and willingness to manage own health and care Patient engagement combines patient activation with an intervention More activated and engaged patients have better health outcomes Patients with lowest activation score incurred up to 21% higher costs than patients with highest activation score Health Policy Briefs, Health Affairs, February 2013
Evolving landscape for self-care Role of the individual Demand for involvement Patients / consumer organizations Internet (NetDoctor, social media etc.) mHealth Health literacy Patient empowerment Self Care Collaborative Care Medical Care Compulsory psychiatric Care Chronic conditions Acute conditions Major trauma Daily choices Lifestyle Self- managed ailments Minor ailments Passive recipient of care Proactive participation Classic medical care system Empowered and health-literate people- driven self-care system Limited engagement in healthcare Engages in improvement of own health Limited in influencing own health Able to influence own health
