Aerobic Respiration and Cellular Processes

Cellular Respiration 7.3 Aerobic Respiration

Stages Aerobic Respiration Stage 1: Stage 2: Stage 3: Stage 4: 1. 2. 3. 4. Glycolysis occurs in _______________________ Stage 2 4 occurs in ________________________ - possess _____________________ membrane: outer membrane as well as an inner membrane (highly folded) - ____________________________ space between both membranes (fluid filled) - inner membrane contains mitochondrial __________________________ (protein-rich liquid that fills interior)

Aerobic cellular respiration: Overview Aerobic cellular respiration: Overview

Aerobic respiration: An overview A series of enzyme controlled reactions ______________________ is used to oxidize glucose ________________________ to form ___________ ________________________ to form ___________ During the oxidation of glucose: Electrons transferred to electron carriers, _________ and _________ Electrons then passed through an ________________ ____________________________ The ________________________ from the electrons will be used to pump _______________. The energy from the _____________________ of protons will be used to make _________.

Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Recall: reactions of glycolysis produced TWO ________________________, TWO __________, and 2 ________________ - does not require _______ ; occurs in ________________________ Pyruvate Oxidation: chemical pathway that connects glycolysis to Krebs cycle 2 pyruvate molecules are moved from the cytoplasm to the ___________________ of the mitochondria ______________ is removed from each _____________________ molecule and released as a ____________________ product (1/3 of what you exhale)

Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Cont. The remaining 2-carbon portions are oxidized by ______________; As a result, the NAD+ molecule gains two hydrogen atoms and the remaining ________________ molecule becomes ________________________ _________________________ (Co-A) attaches and forms ________________________ Acetyl-coA enters stage 3 (Krebs cycle) and NADH goes to _______________________ 2 ___________ diffuses out of the mitochondria and cell.

Stage 3: Krebs Cycle This is an _________ step and cyclic stage cyclic because one of the products of step 8, is a reactant in step 1 At the end of the Krebs Cycle, all __________ carbons have been oxidized to _____________ and released from the cell as metabolic _________________ All that remains is some free ____________________ in the form of ____________ and high energy ____________ and _______________ These energy carriers enter the ___________

Krebs Cycle: The Details Krebs Cycle: The Details Cycle occurs ________________ for each ______________________ molecule Acetyl CoA adds 2-carbons to ___________________, producing _______________________ Citrate loses a __________ molecule, and the resulting compound is ___________________, reducing NAD+ to _________________ Another CO2is ______________, and the resulting compound is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH ADP is ___________________________ to _________ Two hydrogen's are transferred to ______________ to form __________________ Kreb Cycle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Krebs Cycle Overview 1 Glucose= EACH _____________________ molecule produced in glycolysis (2) must enter the Krebs Cycle Therefore the cycle occurs ____________________ for every _____________________ molecule

Stage 4: ETC _____________________________________: release the _______________________ they received during glycolysis and the Kreb s cycle to ETC - ______________________ of the ETC transfer the electrons and use the energy released to pump _____________________ ions (protons) Hydrogen ions (protons) are pumped from the _____________________ to the ___________________ space Creates a _______________________ gradient

Stage 4: ETC Cont. ____________________: final electron _________________ at the end of the ETC - oxygen accepts the electrons, combines with ___________ and becomes __________________ The accumulated hydrogen ions (protons) diffuse back into the matrix through _________________________________ -The energy released from the diffusion fuels the formation of _____________ (by pumping H+ ions into intermembrane space) ETC: - __________________ delivers electrons continuously - __________________ delivers ____________________ energy electrons in different place than NADH (cannot pump as many H+ ions) Electron Transport Chain animation Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain

Stage 4 Cont: Chemiosmosis H+ ions accumulate in ________________________ space from ETC - creates an _________________________ gradient H+ ions (protons) move from intermembrane space to ___________________________________ - energy in gradient forces them through Energy ________________________ as H+ ions pass through = binds ADP with Pito produce _________! Energy removed from 1 NADH = ______ ATP s; 1 FADH2= ______ ATP s Oxidative _________________________________: Because the energy needed to add the _______ group to ADP is derived from the ___________________ of a glucose molecule aka oxidative ATP synthesis

Final Points Final Points ATP is now sent to the _______________________ to be utilized by the cell All stages are dependent on __________________ for the production of ____________________ Last stages are dependent on the availability of _______________________ (from food glucose) and _______________________