Aerobic Respiration and Energy Release in Cells

Aerobic Respiration DNA: 1. What is released during the process of aerobic respiration? 2.In which organelle does respiration take place? 3.What does the word aerobic mean? How might it differ from anaerobic ?

Progress indicators GOOD PROGRESS: State the simple word equation for aerobic respiration OUTSTANDING PROGRESS: Explain why aerobic respiration is an exothermic process

Your body uses energy all the time, without energy your cells quickly die. Energy Released You obtain energy from your food, your cells break down food molecules glucose to release the energy Oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration, this is transported to your body cells in your blood Why do you breathe faster Why do you breathe faster when you exercise? when you exercise? Write you ideas down Write you ideas down from your lungs.

Task: Watch the video, we will play the video twice but try to complete the questions whilst watching it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZkqEno1r2jk

1. State four ways in which the energy released from respiration is used by an organism: 2. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration 3. Energy is released during respiration and used to form which substance? 4. How do animals and plants get the oxygen they need for respiration? 5. When does respiration occur in an animal and a plant? How does this compare to photosynthesis?

1. Protein synthesis Muscle contraction Sending nerve impulses/absorbing molecules by active transport Self-assessment Growth and repair of cells 2. Aerobic respiration means with air and so needs oxygen to occur, anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen to occur. 3. Energy released during respiration is used to make ATP 4. Animals get the oxygen they need for respiration via their ventilation systems. Plants take in oxygen from their surroundings via tiny pores on the underside of the leaf called stomata. 5. Animals and plants both respire through the day and night. Plants will only photosynthesise in the day when there is light available.

Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction. This means that this process transfers the energy to the environment. What parts of the cell are needed for respiration to take place?

Allows gases and water to pass freely into and out of the cell. Controls the passage of other molecules Where enzymes are made. The site of reactions in anaerobic respiration Task: Match the description of the part of the cell to the correct structure. Holds the genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration Contains the enzymes for aerobic respiration

Allows gases and water to pass freely into and out of the cell. Controls the passage of other molecules cell membrane Contains the enzymes for aerobic respiration - mitochondrion Holds the genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration - nucleus Self-assessment Where enzymes are made. The site of reactions in anaerobic respiration - cytoplasm

Mid Plenary: True or False? Task: Complete the worksheet to identify whether the statements are true or false. Extra Challenge: Try to rewrite the sentences for the false statements so that they are now true

T T F F T F

Using the energy How do these use energy? Sperm cells are packed full of mitochondria, which positioned near to the tail. The energy released in respiration allows the sperm to swim to fertilise the egg.

There are a number of ways in which the energy released during respiration can be used in the body and by plants. Extension: Complete the extension question (on sheet)

Using the energy 1. Cells use energy to make protein molecules from amino acids & to make cellulose & starch molecules from sugar. 2. Muscle contraction or maintaining a constant body temperature or reference to animal senses not found in plants 3. Plants can make amino acids from simple sugars and nitrates from the soil 4. The carbohydrate from pasta provides a slower release reserve of energy than eating simple sugars. Glycogen is a type of carbohydrate that is stored in the muscle which is broken down when the muscle needs energy, producing glucose for respiration. 5. Sperm cells swim to fertilise the egg cell which requires a large amount of energy provided by mitochondria, the mitochondria are located directly next to the tail so that energy can be received and used immediately.

Plenary Pick a plenary: Choose 5 key words from the list below and come up with a summary sentence from what you have learnt in the lesson today Solve these anagrams: a) RGEYNE b) TACINOROTNC c) PIREAONTSIR d) PAT Key Words: energy, ATP, respiration, organisms, animals, plants, oxygen, glucose, proteins, temperature, anaerobic, glycogen, mitochondria

Resources

Building large molecules It takes a lot of energy to make small molecules join together to make long chains. Cells use energy to make: Amino acid molecules join together to make protein Sugar molecules link together to make starch, cellulose or glycogen Fatty acid & glycerol molecules join together to make fat molecules Muscle contraction Muscles use energy to make themselves shorter. Muscles usually keep a store of fuel inside their cells, so they can start working even if the blood is not bringing them much glucose. The storage substance is glycogen. It is very similar to starch. A glycogen molecule is made of many glucose molecules linked together. When a muscle needs energy, it breaks down the glycogen, producing glucose for use in respiration.

Maintaining a steady body temperature Mammals and birds keep their body temperature around 37 C, no matter what the temperature around them. If their environment is colder than they are, then heat is lost from their body. Respiration is carried out in cells to release energy, this increases body temperature. The body regulates this so the amount of heat lost is same as the amount gained. Making amino acids Plants can make amino acids from glucose. Animals cannot do this, animals are heterotrophic which means they obtain amino acids by eating ready made proteins in other organisms. In plants sugars are made during photosynthesis and can be converted to amino acids by combining with nitrate ions. Nitrate ions are taken up from the soil by the roots. Making amino acids required energy.