Agricultural Interventions for Smallholder Farmers in Zambia
This paper discusses current agricultural interventions in Zambia focusing on small and medium-scale farmers, highlighting challenges and opportunities for enhancing food security and nutrition. Various programs and projects aimed at improving agricultural growth and reducing poverty are examined within the policy and institutional frameworks impacting outcomes.
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A AGRICULTURAL GRICULTURAL I INTERVENTIONS M MEDIUM EDIUM S SCALE O OPPORTUNITIES PPORTUNITIESAND N NUTRITION NTERVENTIONSFOR CALEFARMERS FARMERSIN AND C CHALLENGES HALLENGESFOR UTRITION S SECURITY ECURITY FOR S SMALL IN Z ZAMBIA AMBIA: : FOR F FOOD MALLAND AND OODAND AND Rhoda Mofya Rhoda Mofya- -Mukuka Mukuka Presented at A Policy Dialogue on Food and Nutrition Situation in Presented at A Policy Dialogue on Food and Nutrition Situation in Zambia. December 2015. Lusaka. Zambia. December 2015. Lusaka. INDABA AGRICULTURAL POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Objective 1 Identify current interventions in Zambia s agricultural sector Examine bottlenecks and opportunities associated with the intervention Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Focus 2 Interventions targeted at improving agricultural growth among Small and Medium-scale Farmers Public-private and public interventions (or activities) Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Why intervention strategies 3 Poverty reduction Food and Nutrition security Outcomes influence by: Policy, Institutional and political frameworks. Agricultural growth Agricultural interventions Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Interventions currently in place 4 Social Protection Social Cash Transfers Nutrition The First 1000 most critical days Agricultural Productivity and Market Enhancement Program (APMEP) Input subsidies and Rural Finance Farmer Input Support Project (FISP)-includes e-voucher pilot. Rural Finance Expansion Program (RUFEP) Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Interventions currently in place 5 Irrigation Smallholder Irrigation Promotion Program (SIPP) Irrigation Development Support Program (IDSP) Rural Infrastructure and Water development Cashew Infrastructure Development Project (CIDP) Zambia Water Resources Development Project Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Interventions currently in place 6 Agribusiness interventions Smallholder Agribusiness promotion program (SAPP) Agricultural Productivity and Market Enhancement Program (APMEP) Food Reserve Agency (FRA) Conservation Agriculture Conservation Agriculture Scale-up(CASU) Conservation Farming Unit (CFU) Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Interventions currently in place 7 Production and productivity interventions Smallholder Productivity Promotion Program(S3P) Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa (APPSA) Livestock development interventions Livestock Infrastructure Development and Animal Health Project (LIDAHP) Livestock Infrastructure Support Project (LISP) Enhanced Sustainable Livestock Investment Program (E-SLIP) Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Who are the custodians of the interventions and who is funding the intervention? 8 90 % implemented under the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Livestock Targeted at smallholder farmers especially women and some target youths Coverage area Most are national programs Some target specific districts Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Project period, budgets and funders 9 Project period ranges between 3 and 7 years Budget ranges between US 20 million and US 200 m Loans and grants: World bank, ADB and IFAD and other development partners. GRZ also contributes to project funding. Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
10 What are the concerns and bottle necks around the ongoing interventions? Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Lessons from past interventions 11 Reduced effectiveness in achieving intended goals Mismatch between intended goals and actual outcome Higher project costs than budgeted (inflation, exchange rate volatility) Delays in implementation due to late procurement of goods and services Poor supervision of some project areas due to failure to include all weather roads at the design stage. Lack of ownership by recipients and implementers Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Concerns from current projects 12 Erratic and untimely release of funds to the project areas. Delays in implementation due to lengthy procurement procedures and staffing. Lack of/poor exit strategy. Poor project sustainability. Low adoption rates e.g. conservation agriculture Conflicting goals across the interventions Inadequate and unreliable data and untimely reports from the field. Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Other specific concerns 13 VAT on processed products not refunded threatens viability of agro-processing interventions (e.g in cassava processing) Government s direct participation in the market distorting prices and crowding out private sector Wrong project/program recipients Zambia has no aflatoxin level regulation for groundnuts Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
14 What are the opportunities for agricultural growth from interventions? Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Interventions opportunities. 15 Availability of funding Result Oriented Specific time frame Goals that can be measured Capacity building of project staff and recipients Targeted recipients Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
16 How can we improve performance of future interventions? Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
How to improve performance of future interventions 17 Problem of delays in project implementation Establish a legal unit within the ministry Capacity building of lower project staff Inflation or exchange rate problems Re-negotiating the loan amount or scale down project Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
18 Problem of beneficiary targeting Utilize research evidence when designing and implementing programs/projects Transparency in selecting beneficiaries Tailor the project to address the main problems affecting the recipients Use evidence of successes and failures from past projects/programs Quality of project evaluations is key Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Question for Discussion 19 Are the interventions having any significant impact on food and nutrition security? Stunting is at 40% Zambia moved from 45.8% (2000-02) to 48% (2013-14) Rural poverty around 74% Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
20 Thankyou Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
What interventions are currently in place, and what do they want to achieve 21 Nutrition Nutrition SUN 1000 critical days Agricultural Productivity and Market Enhancement Program (APMEP Rural Infrastructure and Water Development Rural Infrastructure and Water Development Cashew Infrastructure Development (CIDP) Zambia Water Resources Development Project Irrigation Irrigation Smallholder Irrigation Promotion Program Irrigation Development Support Agribusiness Agribusiness Smallholder Agribusiness promotion program (SAPP) Agricultural Productivity and Market Enhancement Program (APMEP) Food Reserve Agency (FRA) Livestock Livestock Livestock Infrastructure Development and Animal Health Project (LIDAHP) Livestock Infrastructure Support Project (LISP) Enhanced Sustainable Livestock Investment Program (E-SLIP) Production and Productivity Production and Productivity Smallholder Productivity Promotion Program(S3P) Agricultural Productivity Program for Southern Africa (APPSA) Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Current Interventions 22 Social Security Nutrition Rural Finance and Input Conservation farming Crop Productivity and Irrigation Livestock Development 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
Research Questions 23 What interventions are currently in place, and what do they want to achieve Who are the custodians of the interventions? Who is funding the intervention? What are the concerns and bottle necks around the ongoing interventions? Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute
