Albanian Migration Dynamics: Between Brain Drain and Remittances
This content explores the intricate web of Albanian migration patterns over the years, delving into factors like brain drain, remittances, employment sectors, and destination countries. Through detailed figures and graphs, the shifting landscape of migration from Albania is vividly depicted, shedding light on the push and pull forces driving this phenomenon.
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Albanian migration between brain drain and remittances CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 14THFEBRUARY 2014 ECONOMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT BAS Ilir GEDESHI Center for Economic and Social Studies (CESS)
Albnian Migration Year of first migration experience, current migration and legalization in the destinations countries (in percent) 20,0 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 First migration experience 10,0 Current migration 8,0 Legalization 6,0 4,0 2,0 ,0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: CESS Migrant Questionnaire, 2009/2010 Fig. 1. First migratory experience and year of migration in current host country
Albanian Migration/Push and pull factors Source: CESS Migrant Questionnaire, 2006 Fig. 2. Main reasons for migrating in the 90
Albanian Migration Sector of employment in the country of migration during 2009 50.0 44.4 45.0 40.0 37.0 34.3 35.0 30.0 Greece 25.0 20.9 Italy 20.2 19.7 18.3 20.0 17.0 Others 15.4 14.4 14.4 12.8 15.0 12.0 10.0 7.4 6.8 2.9 5.0 1.2 0.9 0.0 Source: CESS Migrant Questionnaire, 2009/2010 Fig. 3. Employment sectors of Albanian migrants in host countries
Albanian Brain Drain Source: CESS, 2008 Fig.4. Dynamics of Albanian brain drain: share of Academics moving abroad as % of total Academics (1990-2008)
Albanian Brain Drain Albanian Brain drain by the countries of destination in 2008 35 29.2 30 25 17.8 20 Percent 15 12.4 9.9 9.4 8.9 10 7.2 2.9 5 2.2 0 Austria Canada France Greece Germany Italy Other countries UK USA Source: CESS, 2008 Fig. 5. Albanian brain drain by the country of destination in 2008 (in percent)
Albanian Brain Drain Albain Brain Drain by Country of Destination and Year of Migration 50 45 40 35 UK France 30 Greece 25 Italy 20 Canada Germany 15 USA 10 5 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: CESS, 2008 Fig.6. Albanian Brain Drain by Country of Destination and Year of Migration (in %)
Diaspora Option Albanian academics and researchers working abroad by country (%) Other countries Germany Italy Canada Austria Percent UK France USA 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Source: CESS., Updating the database of overseas graduates, 2004 Fig. 7. Albanian academics and researchers working abroad by country
Brain Gain Fig. 8. The conditions for the return of academics and researchers
Remittances 1400 1200 1000 800 Remittances USD 600 Remittances EURO 400 200 0 Source: Bank of Albania, 2014 Fig. 9. Volume of remittances in USD and Euros
Remittances Remittances to Albania, as % of GDP, 1996 - 2011 18.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% Source: Bank of Albania, 2014 Fig.10. Remittances to Albania as percent of GDP
Remittances ALSMS, 2002 12% ETF Study, 2007 11,8% de Zwager et al., 2010 10% Investments Table 3. Portion of remittances that is invested according to different studies
Remittances Selected Data on Migrant Household (HH) Savings and Remittance Behaviour: Albania Kosovo BiH** Monthly HH Income: Monthly Expenditures: Monthly Saving Rate: Annual HH Remittance Value: Annual HH Savings Rate:* Savings in 2008: Remittances 2008: Savings/Remittances Factor: 2,300 1,477 855 3,900 2,324 1,578 2,288 1,938 350 1,664 10,260 3,212 15,724 1,752 2,448 3,473 Million 672 Million 2,340 Million 479 Million 1,175 Million 841 Million 5.2 4.8 1.4 * # Kosovar HH abroad: 149,000; # Albanian HH abroad: 404,000; Source: IASCI-NEXUS Field Research Dec-Jan 2008/9 ** The above BiH-specific figures are speculative as they are based on a conservative extrapolation of incomes, expenditures, savings and remittances behaviours of BiH migrant HHs in Austria. # BiH HH abroad: 480,000 based on 2.5 persons per HH of an estimated total number of 1.2 Mio BiH migrants abroad. Source: IASCI-NEXUS Study 2009
