
Alien Hand Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature
Alien Hand Syndrome (AHS) is a rare condition characterized by involuntary movements and conflicting activities between extremities, often resulting from corpus callosum infarction. This case report discusses a 56-year-old female patient presenting with symptoms of AHS following an infarction in the left corpus callosum. The article explores the diagnostic process, treatment with antithrombotic therapy, and the limited literature on rehabilitation strategies for AHS.
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Alien hand syndrome following corpus callosum infarction: A case report and review of the literature Department of Neurology and Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China 22.8.2016 lStj.Dr.Esra zten
zet Yabanc El Sendromu (AHS) etkilenen ekstremitelerin istem d ve otonom faaliyeti ile karakterizedir. Frontal, callosal ve posterior AHS varyantlar ndan olu ur. Korpus kallozum hasar ndan kaynaklanan kallozal alt tip s kl kla iki el aras nda at ma eklinde bulgu verir (intermanual conflict). Ancak bol miktarda kanlanmas nedeniyle korpus kallozumun enfarkt s nadirdir. Bu al ma, kallozal enfarkt s nedenli bir AHS olgusunu bildirmi tir. (Sa elde meydana gelen AHS) l
l MR grntleme ile sol korpus kallozumun enfarkt s do ruland . MR anjiyografi ve dijital subtraksiyon anjiyografi incelemelerinde beslenme arterlerinde ok say da lezyon izlendi. Giri ten sonraki 2 hafta boyunca antitrombolitik tedavi sonras hasta tedricen d zeldi. lAyr ca, bu al ma, literat rde kallozal enfarkt s sonras nceden bildirilmi 31 AHS olgusunu g zden ge irdi.
Giri Yabanc El Sendromu (AHS) nadir g r len bir klinik sendromdur; Graff-Radford ve arkada lar (1), Mayo Klini i T bbi Kay t Ba lant Sistemi'ni kullanarak, (1 Ocak 1996 - 11 Temmuz 2011) N roloji B l m 'nde yabanc uzuvlara sahip 150 hastay saptam lard r. AHS'nin farmakolojik tedavisi ile ilgili deneyim, trombosit agregasyon inhibit rleri ile s n rl olmu tur
Birok tbbi ve cerrahi koullar AHS'ye neden olabilir; Serebral hemoraji Kortikobazal dejenerasyon Epilepsi Parsiyal Epilepsi, Alzheimer PSP (Progresif Supran kleer Palsi) Creutzfeldt-Jakob hastal
AHS rehabilitasyon tedavisi literatrde eksiktir. Pooyania ve arkada lar , AHS tan s ve telafi edici stratejilerin kullan lmas (g rselle tirme, etkilenen ekstremitenin da lmas ve aktiviteler s ras nda yava ve istikrarl bir ekilde ayakta kalma) konusunda e itimli olman n hastan n AHS hareketlerinin s kl n azaltt n belirtmi lerdir.
Vaka Raporu l 56 Ya nda Kad n Hasta ikayeti :Sa elinin istem d ve otonom etkinli i ve eller aras at mas olmas l rne in, sol elle giyinmeye al rken hastan n sa kolu elbiselerini kar yormu . l Ayr ca sa ekstremitesi zay f oldu unu bildirdi. l zge mi : HT, KAH,Tip 2 DM l Al kanl k:i ki, sigara, madde ba ml l yok l Herhangi bir aile yesi i in benzer hastal k veya sendrom bildirilmedi. l l
Fizik muayene: afazi, disartri, ototopagnozi (agnozi) veya apraksiyi ortaya koyamad . Meningeal iritasyon belirtileri g r lmedi. Oftalmik muayene herhangi bir anormallik ortaya koyulmad . S perficial sa nazolabial kat saptand . Kas tonusu: normal Kas G c :Sa st ekstremitede 5/5 ve sa alt ekstremitede 4/5 Duyusal, parmak burun ve sol diz topuk testleri normaldi. sa da diz topuk testi ba ar s z oldu. DTR: Normal patolojik bulgular yoktu. Mini Mental Testi (MMSE) puan : 30
Renkli Doppler USG: bilateral karotid arterlerde aterosklerotik plaklar ve bilateral vertebral arterlerde artm diren g sterdi. Kraniyal MRG: sol korpus kallozumun g vdesi ve spleniumunda dif zyon a rl kl g r nt leme (DWI) zerinde y ksek sinyallerin yan s ra uzun T1 ve T2 sinyaller de g r nt ledi
DSA: SOL ACA ve SOL PERCALLOSAL arter zayf olduu grld. SA VERTEBRAL arterde darl k ve distal segmentinde intrakraniyal dal okl ze bulundu. SOL VERTEBRAL ARTER N NTRAKRAN YAL DALINDA ve SOL BAZ LER ARTERDE NEML L DE DARLIK G R LD .
Hastaya, aspirin enterik kapl tabletler (100 mg, qd; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Almanya) atorvastatin kalsiyum (20 mg, qn; Pfizer), amlodipin besilat tabletleri (5 mg, qd; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA) ve metformi (500 mg, teklif; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, ABD) ile 2 haftal k hastanede kald ve Mart 2015'teki son ziyarete kadar ayn tedaviyi almaya devam etti. Rek rrens strok g zlenmedi.
Tartma Bu al mada, callosal infarkt s sonras olu an AHS olgular n saptamak i in PubMed veritaban n n ara t r lmas yap ld (anahtar kelime, yabanc el sendromu). Ara t rma, 1990 ile 2014 y llar aras nda kallozal enfarkt s sonras 31 AHS vakas bildiren 23 al may ortaya koydu. Bu kallozal enfarkt s olgular basit korpus kallozum infarkt s ve kompleks korpus kallozum infarkt s olarak grupland r ld . Basit korpus kallozum infarkt s : sadece korpus kallozumda meydana gelen enfarkt s Kompleks korpus kallozum infarkt s : di er beyin b lgelerinin tutulumuyla olu an infarkt s olarak tan mland .
Aratrma, 7 basit korpus kallozum infarkt s olgusu (% 22.6) 24 komplekskorpus kallozum infarkt s vakas (% 77.4) ile toplam 31 nceki AHS vakas n ortaya kard . 10 olguda sol tarafta korpuz kallozum infarkt s 17 olguda sa korpus kallozum infarkt s 4 olguda(basit korpus kallozum infarkt s ) her iki taraf etkilenmi bulunmakta. Kompleks korpus kallozum infarkt s olgular nda lezyon yerlerinin o unlu unda medial frontal korteks (16/24;% 66.7), anterior singulat girus (7/24;% 29.2) ve suplementer motor korteks (3/24;% 12.5) ).
AHS majr semptomlar: ki el aras at ma (19/31; 61.3%) Yakalama refleksi (19/31; 61.3%) Yabanc el i areti (3/24; 12.5%). Basit korpus kallozum infarkt olan 7 hasta aras nda 6 olguda (% 85.7) intermanual at ma, 2 olguda (% 28.5) yakalama refleksi g r ld . Kompleks korpus kalloz infarkt s ge irmi 24 hasta aras nda 13 / 24'unda (% 54.2) intermanual at ma, 17 olguda (% 70.8) yakalama refleksi g zlemlendi. 17 yakalama refleksi hastas nda, 14 (% 82.3) hastada medial frontal korteks, singulat gyrus veya suplementer motor kortekste enfarkt s vard .
31 vakann 16'snda (% 51.6) takip esnasnda AHS semptomlar n n kayboldu u veya kayda de er derecede hafifledi i g sterildi.(15 ay i inde) 4 olguda iyile me g zlenmedi. (en az 6 ay s rede) Kalan 11 vakada sonu bilinmiyordu.
Genel olarak, literatr aratrmas lezyonun o unlu unda (% 77.4) kompleks tip oldu unu ortaya koymu tur. ntermanual at ma basit korpus kallozum infarkt sl hastalarda (% 85.7) daha s kt ve yakalama refleksi, kompleks korpus kallozum infarkt s hastalar nda (% 70.8) daha s k bildirildi. Ayn zamanda sa hemisferin daha s k yer ald n , nk korpus kallozumun sa ve sol taraflar n n s ras yla 17 ve 10 hastadan etkilendi ini g stermektedir.
Korpus kallozum, iki serebral hemisfer arasnda bilgi ileten bir fiber plakad r. Kallozal AHS, iki serebral hemisferde motor alan ile suplementer motor alan aras ndaki ba lant daki ba ar s zl ktan kaynaklan yor. Korpus kallozum hasar frontal veya callosal AHS olarak ortaya kabilir. Mix AHS, korpus kalloz infarkt s nden sonra bildirilmi tir. Bu bulgular aras nda, intermanual at ma (kallozal AHS'de oldu u gibi), yabanc el duygusu ve hemianestezi (talamus, parietal lob veya medial temporal lobu i eren posterior AHS'de oldu u gibi) bildirilmi tir.
Korpus kallosumun enfarktsnn tipik olarak medial frontal korteks, anterior singulat gyrus ve suplementer motor korteks de dahil olmak zere di er b lgelere lezyonlarla olu tu unu g stermektedir. Korpus kallozumun genu ve body ve bu b lgelerin hepsi anterior serebral arterden kan al m al r. Aksine, korpus kallozumun spleniumu posterior serebral arterden kan al r. Korpus kallozumun spleniumunda olu an enfarkt s n embolizmden kaynakland bildirilirken, aterosklerotik serebral enfarkt s, korpus kallosumun genu ve v cudundaki enfarkt s n daha yayg n eklidir. Korpus kallosum anterior ve posterior serebral arterden geni bir anastomoz ile kan ak m al r ve bu nedenle nadiren enfarkt sten etkilenir. Mevcut olguda, MRA ve serebral anjiyografide, intrakranyal damarlar boyunca, zellikle de sol anterior serebral ve vertebral baziler arterlerde geni ateroskleroz saptand . Bu g r nt leme bulgular anterior ve posterior dola mda aterosklerotik lezyonlar n varl n g sterdi.
AHS, korpus kallosum genu ve spleniumun k smen kaybetti i hastalarda ge ici olma e ilimi g sterir; Buna ek olarak, tek tarafl kallozal lezyonu olan hastalar, e er kalan korpus kallozum i levsel ise, iki hemisfer aras nda ba lant kurabilirler. nfarkt anterior korpus kallosumun 2/3 n i erdi inde kal c AHS geli ebilir. Mevcut olguda antitrombositik tedavinin ard ndan h zl bir iyile me g zlendi ve kalan korpus kallozumun lezyonlu b lgeyi telafi edebilece ini ve bilateral serebral hemisferler aras ndaki ba lant n n yeniden kurulabildi ini d nd rd .
Sonu olarak, bu alma; anterior ve posterior dola m n bozuklu unun neden oldu u bir prototipik kallozal AHS vakas bildirmi tir. Bu vakada dikkati eken bir husus, vertebra-baziler arterlerin ve sol anterior serebral arterin kan dola m n n yetersiz olmas d r. Bu bulgu, korpus kallosumun enfarkt s nden kaynaklanan AHS'li hastalarda serebral vask laritenin kapsaml bir ekilde incelenmesi ihtiyac n vurgulamaktad r.
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