Alkalinity in Water Testing Process
Learn about alkalinity testing in water analysis using the Very Angry Fish method. Discover how to determine alkalinity, necessary equipment, step-by-step procedures, and calculations involved.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Very Angry Fish Alkalinity Alkalinity Amal Almuhanna 2012
Very Angry Fish Alkalinity Alkalinity In most natural waters bicarbonates and sometimes carbonates are present in appreciable amounts. Their salts get hydrolyzed in solution and produce hydroxyl ions, consequently raising the pH. M++ HCO3-+ H2O = = M++ H2CO3+ OH-
Very Angry Fish Principle Principle Alkalinity is determined by titrating the sample with a standard solution of strong acid. Alkalinity due to hydroxide and carbonate is determined to the first end point (pH 8.3) using phenolphthalein indicator bicarbonate alkalinity is second end point (pH 4.5) using methyl orange indicator. phenolphthalein indicator and bicarbonate alkalinity is determined to the methyl orange indicator.
Very Angry Fish Requirement 1) Sulfuric acid (0.02 N). 2) Phenolphthalein indicator. 3) Methyl orange indicator. 4) Titration assembly (burette, pipette, Erlenmeyer flasks, measuring cylinder, stand, clamps etc.). Requirement
Very Angry Fish Method 1) Take 50 ml of water sample in Erlenmeyer flask 2) Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator - If slight pink color appears, titrate with acid titrant to a colorless end point. -Note phenolphthalein alkalinity). 3) Now add 2 drops of methyl orange in the same flask and continue to titrate further till the color change from yellow to orange. - Note used for both titrations). Method Note the reading as 'p' (ml of titrant used for Note this reading as 't' (total volume of the titrant
Very Angry Fish Calculation Calculation Calculate the phenolphthalein and total alkalinity by the given formula: Phenolphthalein alkalinity 'P' as mg l-1CaCO3= Phenolphthalein alkalinity 'T' as mg l-1CaCO3= For the computation of amounts of carbonates, bicarbonates and hydroxides refer the following table. Result Express the total alkalinity and contribution of bicarbonates (HCO3-), carbonates (CO3--) and hydroxide (OH-) as mg l-1of CaCO3 Result
Very Angry Fish Observations Observations Calculations: Phenolphthalein alkalinity (P) as mg-1 CaCO3 (mg/l) = ml of titrant(p)X1000 ml of sample Results: Expressed as mg/l
