American Civil War (1861-1865) Strategies and Battles

The American Civil War (1861-1865) Chapter 11 covers the strategies and early battles of the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South). It delves into the advantages of each side, such as finance, manufacturing capacity, trained personnel, and motivation. The Union's Anaconda plan and the Confederate strategy of attrition are highlighted, alongside key battles like the 1st Battle of Bull Run, Battles of Shiloh in Tennessee, and the Monitor vs. Virginia battle at sea. The narrative reflects the evolving tactics and military dynamics that shaped this pivotal period in American history.

• Civil War
• Union
• Confederacy
• Battles
• Strategies

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1. The American Civil War (1861-1865) Chapter 11

2. Strategies and Early Battles Section 1

3. Union (North) Advantages Finance (Money) Trolley Car on Tracks Animated Clipart Manufacturing (+80k Factories) Population (+12.5M) Railroad Mileage (+12.7k miles)

4. Confederate (South) Advantages Better trained men (officers) More motivation ( independence ) Did not have to attack ( just play defense )

5. Union Strategy (Anaconda plan) Naval Blockade along Atlantic coast Stopped COTTON from going out and GUNS from coming in Supplies will get so low CSA will eventually surrender due to lack of goods

6. Confederate Strategy (Attrition) Prepare and wait / Fight a defensive war We simply want to be left alone If the war goes on long enough, the North will quit Lincoln may not get reelected

7. The 1stBattle of Bull Run (VA) Union Irvin McDowell Confederacy General Beauregard Strength: 35,000 Strength: 35,000 Casualties: 2,896 Casualties: 1,982 Bull Seeing Red Animated Clipart Result: Confederate victory

8. Battles of Shiloh Tennessee Union led by ULYSSES GRANT ($50 bill) 25k casualties in 2 days Horrified both sides as it showed how newer weapons were extremely deadly UNION victory

9. Monitor vs. the Virginia (Battleships) Few major battles take place at sea Both ships were plated with IRON ARMOR Ends in a STALEMATE (tie) Wooden ships never used again in battle

10. Stalemate Develops in East Most fighting takes place in VA Union forces attack the Confederate capital of Richmond Attack fails Union general (McClellan) is replaced

11. Section 1 Review: 1. List 2 advantages of both the North and South. 2. What was the Union strategy called? How did it work. 3. Describe the BATTLE OF SHILOH? Who won? 4. What was the MONITOR?

12. African Americans and the War Section 2

13. Enslaved Africans Seek Shelter As the North won battles they had to figure out what to do with enslaved Africans Many set up manual labor camps to help with the war cause Lincoln needs to make a decision

14. Lincolns Plan He decides on EMANCIPATION (freeing of all slaves) His Cabinet is surprised, but supportive He would have to wait for announcement until after a major union victory in combat

15. Sad stick man looking down Animated Clipart Antietam Union Bloodiest single day battle in Am. History (23k Casualties) Confederacy 1stBattle fought in the North 38,000 Strength: 75,500 Result: Union victory Sharpsburg,MD

16. Emancipation at Last! Sept. 22nd1862 Lincoln announces all slaves (over 3M) freed Militia Act: Black soldiers can now be accepted into the military Confederates become more passionate about being separate

17. African Americans Join At 1stserved as cooks, cleaning or manual labor If captured many were killed Eventually earn equal pay and over 2 dozen Medals of Honor Many freed slaves join the Union

18. Section 2 Review: 1. What does EMANCIPATION mean? How did Lincoln s Cabinet feel about it? 2. Why is ANTIETAM remembered? 3. Describe the MILITIA ACT. 4. What were African Americans 1strole in the military?

19. Life During the War Section 3

20. Northern Economy 1stIncome Tax: If you made over $800 paid 3% tax to pay for war Sold land in the West to those who would farm it Create GREENBACKS ; 1stpaper money and common currency

21. Conscription Act (Draft) All men between 20-45 to serve in army Could buy way out for $300 Leads to only the POOR and IMMIGRANTS being drafted

22. Draft Riots July 1863, New York City Poor white males protest the draft by a 4 day rampage Damage war supply factories and assault black citizens Approx. 1k dead

23. Life of a Soldier Newer weapons = more damage Amputations w/o anesthesia was common Diseases killed 2x as many people as in battle (i.e bad drinking water / infection) POW s usually starved to death

24. Southern Economy Blockade of South creates a major FOOD SHORTAGE Draft creates a shortage of cotton as farmers now have to fight South would have to steal union goods (boots, guns, ammo) to supply the war cause

25. Women Most notable role was NURSING Clara Barton starts American RED CROSS Nurses would look after the sick and wounded on both sides

26. Section 3 Review: 1. Describe the INCOME TAX in the North. 2. What was the CONSCRIPTION ACT? 3. List 2 facts about the life of a SOLDIER during the war. 4. How did the SOUTHERN economy work during the war?

27. Turning Points of the War Section 4

28. Union Victory at Vicksburg Vicksburg was the KEY to victory for both sides 77k Union troops surround 33k Confederates Use SIEGE warfare By end of siege CSA army down to 1 biscuit/day to eat Rats were sold for food as well; eventually surrender

29. Gettysburg PA (Turning Point) Greatest battle ever in North America 93k Union troops / 72k CSA troops 3 days battle Lee moved his army northward to gain supplies and put pressure on the North

30. Cont. Both sides suffer over 23k casualties On the last day Lee charges straight towards the Union lines The Union destroys Lee s vulnerable army Result: Lee retreats to VA

31. Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago Lincoln s speech to honor dead at GETTYSBURG Promises the nation a new birth of freedom

32. Union Total War Attack both military and civilian populations Destroy all enemy crops and materials Destroy railroads and factories to damage economy Break the SOUTH s will to fight Cost both sides 10k s of lives

33. Shermans Drive to the Sea 250 mile march from Tennessee to Georgia 60k troops TOTAL WAR strategy meant for the destruction of everything Burnt Atlanta to the ground Leads to the near surrender of the SOUTH

34. Election of 1864 As the Union saw victory in war Lincoln s popularity went up Democrats split into several groups Lincoln and Republicans win 212-21 Many soldiers were allowed to return home to vote

35. Section 4 Review: 1. What type of warfare was used at VICKSBURG? What was the result? 2. How many casualties were at GETTYSBURG? What was the result? 3. What is destroyed in TOTAL WAR? 4. Who won the election of 1864? By what margin?

36. The Wars End Section 5

37. Siege of Petersburg City that ships food to Richmond Grant wanted to cut food off to Richmond Leads to 9 months of trench warfare Result: Union victory

38. 13thAmendment and Surrender Ends slavery in the U.S forever April 1865 the small Confederate force is surrounded at Appomattox Court House Lee surrenders here The war is over!

39. Lincoln Assassinated April 14th1865 Lincoln is shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth in Ford s theatre Washington Died early the next morning Even Confederates do NOT agree with this Booth is shot and killed in a barn in VA

40. Economic Cost of the War Union: 6.1B; inflation 80% Confederacy: 2B; inflation 9,000% Most southern farms, factories and railroads destroyed Southern industry was crippled Confederate states lose 2/3 of their wealth

41. American Deaths by War 1%0%1% 3% 5% 9% Civil War WWII WWII Vietnam 49% Korea Mexican American Amerian Revolution 32% Other

42. Civil War Deaths (in thousands) 350 300 250 Civil War Deaths (in thousands) 200 150 100 50 0 Union Confederacy

43. Section 5 Review: 1. What does the 13thAmendment do? 2. Where did the SOUTH surrender? 3. What happened to ABRAHAM LINCOLN? 4. Summarize the ECONOMIC cost of the war.