Americans on the Home Front: Diversity and Contributions During Wartime
Explore the diverse contributions of Mexican Americans, GIs, Japanese Americans, women, African Americans, Jewish Americans on the home front during wartime, covering topics such as military service, prejudice, training, and discriminatory challenges faced by different groups.
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Presentation Transcript
Americans on the Home Front Mexican Americans GIs Japanese Americans Women African Americans Jewish Americans
Soldiers (American GIs) 452-453 Women Pages 456-457 Mexican Americans Pages 462-463 GI Definition Jobs Military Contributions Draft Hardships Prejudice Training Zoot Suit Riots Hardships Military African Americans Pages 458-459 Japanese Americans 454-455 Jewish Americans Pages 460-461 Double V Campaign Dealing with Pearl Harbor Reaction Issues in Germany Tuskegee Airmen Executive Order 9066 St. Louis Military Korematsu v. United States A. Philip Randolph Life in Internment Camps Discrimination Discrimination @ Home Anti-Semitism Definition
Soldiers (American GIs) 452-453 Women Pages 456-457 Mexican Americans Pages 462-463 GI Definition Jobs Military Contributions Draft Hardships Prejudice Training Zoot Suit Riots Hardships Military African Americans Pages 458-459 Japanese Americans 454-455 Jewish Americans Pages 460-461 Double V Campaign Dealing with Pearl Harbor Reaction Issues in Germany Tuskegee Airmen Executive Order 9066 St. Louis Military Korematsu v. United States A. Philip Randolph Life in Internment Camps Discrimination Discrimination @ Home Anti-Semitism Definition
Soldiers (American GIs) 452-453 Women Pages 456-457 Mexican Americans Pages 462-463 GI Definition Jobs Military Contributions Draft Hardships Prejudice Training Zoot Suit Riots Hardships Military African Americans Pages 458-459 Japanese Americans 454-455 Jewish Americans Pages 460-461 Double V Campaign Dealing with Pearl Harbor Reaction Issues in Germany Tuskegee Airmen Executive Order 9066 St. Louis Military Korematsu v. United States A. Philip Randolph Life in Internment Camps Discrimination Discrimination @ Home Anti-Semitism Definition
Soldiers (American GIs) 452-453 Women Pages 456-457 Mexican Americans Pages 462-463 GI Definition Jobs Military Contributions Draft Hardships Prejudice Training Zoot Suit Riots Hardships Military African Americans Pages 458-459 Japanese Americans 454-455 Jewish Americans Pages 460-461 Double V Campaign Dealing with Pearl Harbor Reaction Issues in Germany Tuskegee Airmen Executive Order 9066 St. Louis Military Korematsu v. United States A. Philip Randolph Life in Internment Camps Discrimination Discrimination @ Home Anti-Semitism Definition
Japanese Americans Dealing with Pearl Harbor Reaction Questioned loyalty / fear of potential collaborators in a West Coast invasion Roosevelt declared all German, Italian, Japanese nations or non-US citizens to be enemy aliens Executive Order 9066 Mass evacuation of Japanese from Pacific Coast Koremastu v. United States Significance: Argument about the constitutionality of 9066 Verdict: Civil rights can be set aside during war Life in Internment Camps Barracks housing, desert region (most in West), set up schools, libraries, hospitals
American GIs GI Government Issue (refers to fighting men in the armed forces) Draft Registrations expanded from age 21-35 to 18-44 After Pearl Harbor, 1.5 million troops Training 8 weeks to prepare for combat; 9 hour days Tent pitching, map reading, guard duty, sanitation, weapons care, phys training Hardships Constant fear, homesickness, PTSD after the war, (see pg. 453)
Women Jobs Huge demand for workers (18 million took jobs) Welders, riveters, mechanics, physicists, architects (formerly clerical work) Hardships Balance between work and home Double Shift Facing hostility on the job Unfair wages Juvenile delinquency up Military Women's Army Corps, WAVES (Navy), SPARs (Coast Guard)
African Americans Double V Campaign Victory in war and for civil rights confronting racism Tuskegee Airmen Prestigious African American pilot air corps never lost a bomber to an enemy Philip Randolph Pressured Roosevelt to sign Executive Order 8022, outlawing discrimination in the workplace Military & Discrimination Segregation in the military Race riots in cities
Mexican Americans Military Contributions Opportunity to show loyalty More Mexican American soldiers than any other ethnic group Prejudice Discrimination prevented most Mexican Americans from high paying industrial jobs Bracero Program Zoot Suit Riots Riots break out among Mexican teenagers and police, servicemen in LA neighborhoods (barrios) Truly caused by tension, racial prejudice, inflammatory articles
Jewish Americans Issues in Germany Persecution such as loss of citizenship, property, curfews, etc. Kristallnacht the beginning of the Holocaust St. Louis Jewish immigrants turned away by Cuba and the USA Discrimination Anti-Semitism in America and in the armed forces Later: War Refugee Board created to build camps in Italy, Africa and US for displaced Jewish people Definition: Anti-Semitism Policies, views and actions that discriminate against Jewish people
