Anatomy and Functions of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses in Medical Education
Explore the detailed anatomy and functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses as taught in the University of Baghdad College of Medicine. Learn about the external and internal structures, including the nasal fossae and cartilaginous components. Gain insight into the crucial functions of these structures in ENT modules.
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University of Baghdad College of Medicine2023-2024 Title: Describe anatomy and Functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses Grade: Fifth Year Module: ENT Speaker: Assistant Professor Ahmed Muhei Rasheed Date: 21-9-2023
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: to through a light on: to through a light on: 1 1- - Anatomy Anatomy of the nose and of the nose and paranasal 2 2- -Numerate Functions of the nose and paranasal Numerate Functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses. sinuses. paranasal sinuses. sinuses.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Anatomy of the nose Anatomy of the nose
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 A A- - External nose: External nose: It's pyramidal in shape Anterior nares: situated in the base of the nose & open downwards, they are separated by the columella. Bony constituents: support the upper part of the external nose, they are: Nasal processes of the frontal bone. Nasal bones. Ascending processes of the maxilla.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Cartilaginous constituents: support the lower part of the external nose, they are: Upper Lateral cartilages. Alar cartilage. Quadrilateral cartilage of the nasal septum. Vestibule: is included in the external nose because it's lined with skin and contains sebaceous glands and hair (vibrissae).
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 B- Nasal Fossae Nasal Fossae the right & left nasal fossae (cavities) are separated by the nasal septum. The nasal fossae include only that part which is lined by mucous membranes. The nasal fossae communicated through the posterior choana with the nasopharynx posteriorly.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Each nasal fossa is bounded by: Each nasal fossa is bounded by: Floor: Hard palate Roof: Cribriform plate
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Medial wall: this is the nasal septum which lies in the midline or near the midline, it consists of: 1-Bony part posteriorly : A-Perpendicular plate of ethmoid B-Vomer 2- Cartilaginous part anteriorly : Quardrilateral cartilage
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 The main features of the lateral wall are: Three turbinates (superior, middle & inferior) the inferior turbinate is the largest. Three meati (superior, middle & inferior) each meatus lies below & lateral to the corresponding turbinate. Sphenoethmoidal recess lies above the superior turbinate and contains the ostium of the sphenoid sinus.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Superior meatus contains the ostia of posterior ethmoidal sinus. Middle meatus contains the ostia of maxillary, frontal & anterior ethmoidal sinuses. Inferior meatus receives the opening of the nasolacrimal duct. In the middle meatus there are: 1-Bulla ethmoidalis: which is round mass formed by anterior ethmoidal cells. 2-Haitus semilunaris: which is two dimentional space, lies between the anterior surface of bulla ethmoidalis & the posterior edge of unicinate process (uncinate process is part of ethmoid bone).
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Paranasal Sinuses: Paranasal Sinuses: These are air spaces within certain bones of the skull. There are four sinuses on each side (maxillary, ethmoid, frontal, sphenoidal sinuses) They are lined by mucous membrane continuous with that of the nose
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Maxillary Sinus Maxillary Sinus is pyramidal in shape, occupies the body of the maxilla, it's the largest sinus, the ostium is situated high up between the medial wall & roof; it opens in the middle meatus.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Ethmoid Sinus Ethmoid Sinus consists of a number (7 15) of thin walled cavities within the lateral masses of the ethmoid bones. There are two group of cells: Anterior (small & numerous) opens in the middle meatus. Posterior (large & few) open in the superior meatus.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Frontal sinus Frontal sinus it occupies a very variable extent of frontal bone. They are often asymmetrical & separated by a thin bony septum it opens in the middle meatus.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Sphenoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinus It occupies the body & sometimes the wings & pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone. They are rarely symmetrical and the right and left sinuses are separated by a septum. The ostium is situated in the upper part of anterior wall of the sinus & opens in the spheno-ethmoidal recess.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Theepithelium which lines the nose and paranasal sinuses is pseudo- stratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells except the olfactory area (the roof of the nose, upper third of nasal septum & upper part of lateral nasal wall as far as, and include the superior turbinate), which is lined by olfactory epithelium.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Functions of the nose Functions of the nose Provides airway for respiration. Filtration, warming & humidification of the inspired air. Voice modification. Collects the moisture from expired air to prevent excessive loss. Kills inspired bacteria & viruses. Transport mucous posteriorly to lubricate the pharynx. Olfaction.
University of Baghdad/College of Medicine2022-2023 Function of the paranasal sinuses: Function of the paranasal sinuses: The functions of the sinuses are uncertain. There are several theories: Result of facial development. Air conditioning (warming & moistening of the inspired air). Lightening of the skull. Resonance of voice. Protection from sound transmission of one's own speech to the ear. Some influence on olfaction. Protection of eye from trauma.
