Approaching Variation in Early New High German Dialects

UFSP Sprache und Raum Bare nouns, indefinite articles and partitivity in an Early New High German cookbook Elvira Glaser, University of Zurich Methods for approaching variation: partitives and beyond Budapest, September 15th-17th, 2022 22.03.2025 Seite 1

UFSP Sprache und Raum The starting point: Indefinite article with mass nouns in Bavarian sg pl Indef. article/ quantifier Count noun a (indef) (a weng) a a bit, some [a ~ oa ~ oe] a bor some Mass noun a (a weng) a a bit of, little Glaser 1996 Kolmer 1999 a Geld money , a Milch milk , a Schn snow = a schissel a bowl

UFSP Sprache und Raum Indefinite article with mass nouns outside Bavarian westwards and northwards Wenn i a Geld het, . (Eastern Swabian) If I had money ... Am Zaischdich hat m r a Flaisch ghollet (Hirrlingen, Western Swabian) On Tuesday, we used to buy some meat Wenn i a Geld h d (Bamberg, Eastern Franconian) If I had money ....

UFSP Sprache und Raum cf. (Hast du) Geld (dabei)? 3. Runde ADA http://www.atlas- alltagssprache.de/ 22/03/2025 Synchronic and diachronic aspects of the MASS/COUNT-distinction in some Upper German dialects Seite 4

UFSP Sprache und Raum Anaphoric reference in Bavarian Sg (mfn) pl Count noun oana, oane, oans oa ~ oe Mass noun oana, oane, oans

UFSP Sprache und Raum Pronominal ein with mass nouns outside Bavarian Swabian and Franconian Hasch du a Geld a weng oins? (Eastern Swabian) do you have any money, (at least) some? Kaasch ma oas g a? [Geld]? (Swabian-Alemannic,Uhldingen) can you give me some? [money] Fr a hama ane agebaut [Gerste] (Bamberg/Ofr.) We used to grow some [barley]

UFSP Sprache und Raum State of the art: Indefinite article with mass nouns in Bavarian Kolmer (1999) distinguishes OBJECT reading (A) and QUALITY reading (B) with respect to expressions denoting substances A can be subdivided in three readings: PORTION, INDEFINITE QUANTITY, SORTS OBJECT reading requires the indefinite article QUALITY reading shows variation with bare nouns In case of noun incorporation bare nouns are used 22.03.2025 Seite 7

UFSP Sprache und Raum Diachronic aspects: Mass nouns with (optional) indefinite articles in MHG want du ware ein stoup (Wiener Ahd. Genesis, 469) because you were dust ein wazzer iesch der junge man (Parz. 228,1) the young man asked for (some) water er warp daz man im braehte ein gras (Willehalm 132,22) ... that they should bring him (some) grass daz waene ich baz noch waere ne wirt f eime sn (Parz. 338,19) I think it would have been better left homeless in the snow w z sam ein sn (often, cf. mhbwb-online.de) white as snow Ich kum zuo miner lieben als ein touwe uf den bluomen (Mechth.v.M.) I come to my sweetheart as dew on the flowers

UFSP Sprache und Raum Nominal Genitive in the history of German Do rais im z einer swalwen nest des mistes in diu ougen (Predigten 13.Jh.) Excrement fell on his eyes out of a swallow s nest Wand ich noch einer salben h n die d Feimorg n machte (Iwein 3423) Because I still have some ointment made by Feimorg n Iss des brots (Luther) Eat (some of the) bread Strobel & Glaser (2021)

UFSP Sprache und Raum Indefinite article with mass nouns in the history of German zetr p si under einander in einem wazer (Bartholom us, pharmacopoeia) mix them in water tu ez in ein milich (Buoch von guoter sp se, cookbook, 14th c., W rzburg) put it into the milk a ff ain gl t setzen (Sabina Welser, cookbook, 16th c., Augsburg) put it on embers darnach nim ain rossenwasser (S.W.) then take (some) rosewater nempt ain nierenfaistin (S.W.) take (some) suet

UFSP Sprache und Raum ain-nominals in Sabina Welser s 16th century cookbook darnach nim ain rossenwasser rosewater Translation in NHG: Danach nimm Rosenwasser nempt ain nierenfaistin suet Tr. Nehmt Nierenfett th daran negellen Tr. Tu ... Nelken daran Total amount of text: 205 recipes About 950 nominals containing mass nouns https://www.uni- giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/sawe.htm

UFSP Sprache und Raum NP ain bare noun 463 165 298 thiet ain wasser daran add water th wasser daran add water th ain z cker jn taig add sugar to the dough th z cker daran add sugar nim ain kersseltz take cherry jam streich seltz dara ff spread jam on it nim ain maseron take marjoram nim sal en take sage so ist es ain g ter senff so it's a good mustard Holunderm ss von blie z machen Make elderflower puree 22.03.2025 Seite 12

UFSP Sprache und Raum PP ain bare noun 161 79 82 rests jn ainem schmaltz roast it in lard bege ss das tail mit schmaltz douse the piece with lard seuds jn ainem wasser boil it in water se d jn jn wasser boil it in water waichs jn ainem weinn soak it in wine streich das mit wein brush it with wine mit ainem essich jberreiben rub ... with vinegar wesch den schwais jn essich rinse the blood in vinegar 22.03.2025 Seite 13

UFSP Sprache und Raum ain-numerals in intratextual variation So nim ain mangoldt, als vill d wilt, ain wenig ain sal a, ain maseron, ain rosmarin, hacks vnnderainander, th ain geriben kes a ch darein, schlag air darein, bis d mainst, das es recht se / rerlach, negellach, pfeffer, weinber nim a ch darein vnnd machs jn den taig z krapffen, las sieden Then take as much chard as you want, some sage, marjoram and rosmanrin, chop it together, also put grated cheese in it and beat eggs into it until you think it is right. Also take cinnamon, cloves, pepper and grapes and add that to the doughnut batter. Let the doughnuts cook... OSp de-numerals: Take (of the stuff type) and cook them with (of the stuff type) , (you probably know what kinds of stuff I mean). (Gerards 2021, 230) 22.03.2025 Seite 14

UFSP Sprache und Raum 55 Ain schne z machen Nitz ain milchram vnnd th den jn den haffen/ vnnd nim ain kl xen vnd rier jn d rchainander, bis es ain schne oben gewint/ vnnd bee ain semel vnnd legs jn ain schissel vnd see dara ff ain z cker vnnd th den schom a ff das brot, so jst es berait. Making snow Dilute the cream and put it in the pot. And take a whisk and stir it until it gets snow foam on top. And toast a bread roll and put it in a bowl and sprinkle sugar on it and put the foam on the bread and it's ready. ain is frequent in titles 22.03.2025 Seite 15

UFSP Sprache und Raum Mass noun with quantifiers: ain wenig a little m gt jr nehmen ain wenig maseron you can use a little marjoram nim ain wenig jmber take a little ginger th ain wenig ain schmaltz darein put a little lard in it m gt jr nemen ain wenig ain salua salbei you can take some sage 20 instances with indefinite article (out of 110) so giest wider ain wenig ain rossenwasser daran pour a little rose water on it again rest ain wenig ain mell darin toast a little flour in it 22.03.2025 Seite 16

UFSP Sprache und Raum Mass noun with quantifiers: intratextual variation 22 Welt jr ain g t marciban machen Erstlich nempt ain halb pf nd mandel vnnd waicht jn jber nacht ein jn ain kaltt rerwasser/ ziecht jn am morgen a s, darnach last jn woll stossen, bis er ellig wirt, giest ain wenig rossenwasser daran vnnd land jn wider stossen, wirt er wider ellig, so giest wider ain wenig ain rossenwasser daran, das thiet so lang, bis der mandel nimer ellig wirt, . First, take half a pound of almonds and soak them overnight in cold well water. Peel them off in the morning. Then let them mash well until they become oily, pour some rose water on them and let them mash further. If they become oily again, pour some rose water on them again. Do this until the almonds are no longer oily. 22.03.2025 Seite 17

UFSP Sprache und Raum Mass noun with quantifiers: vill much, a lot of nim vill z cker take a lot of sugar nit vill saltz not much salt th vill z cker a ff den stain put a lot of sugar on the stone thiet vill z cker darein put a lot of sugar in it Mach der brie nit z vill Do not make too much broth Genitive (leg jr zimlich vill jn die pfannen) 22.03.2025 Seite 18

UFSP Sprache und Raum Pseudopartives: juxtaposition or genitive marking Nempt 4 glas milch ... vnnd 14 lott z cker 4 glass milk Take 4 glasses of milk .... and 14 doses of sugar 14 doses sugar ain halb pf nd mandel ain halb pf nd z cker 5 pf nd oxenfleisch 2 pf nd speck ain pf nd geriben kes ain pf nd amelber ain pf nd weinberlen ge ain halbe mas weins daran pour half a mass of wine on it so nempt des kes 2 mall so il als des kra ts take from the cheese twice as much as from the cabbage 22.03.2025 Seite 19

UFSP Sprache und Raum Wiborada Zili 1630 St Gall No indefinite article with mass nouns in the recipes in NP and PP always bare nouns (1 exception! sieds jn eim wa er) Some indefinite articles in titles: ein ... Marzipan, ein Schnee Genitive: nim dann di saffts ... take from this juice nim ... al vil zucker al de saffts ist as much sugar as the juice de allerwei esten zucker (multiple) from the whitest sugar nim de feinsten wei en meel nimb de gesotnen wa ers take from the boiling water Pseudopartitives: zu 1 lb de markcks Nim de sch nsten zuckers 1/2lb Nim de Saffts 1/2lb 22.03.2025 Seite 20

UFSP Sprache und Raum How to classify the ain-numerals in the historical cookbooks? Gerards 2021: semantically bare partitives ... express a part-whole relation between a covert subset and a definite and/or specific superset. a) BPs . feature inherently non-specific regular object supersets denoted by weakly referential definite articles with representative object interpretations (ROIs). b) BPs with supersets that can denote either specific objects or objects of the non-specific weakly referential ROI-type. ENHG Variational use on indefinite ain as with count nouns. With mass nouns there is a partitive effect, at least when referring to indefinite quantities. 22.03.2025 Erste Retraite UFSP SpuR Seite 21

UFSP Sprache und Raum Possible diachronic scenario MHG Bare nouns or nouns with an indefinite determiner Pronominal reference by genitive case Decline of genitive case (apart from attributes) in most dialects Several areal pathways: 1. Mass nouns continue appearing as bare nouns. 2. Mass nouns are determined by an indefinite article.

UFSP Sprache und Raum Thank you for your attention Seite 23

UFSP Sprache und Raum Literatur Behrens, Leila (1995): Categorizing Between Lexicon and Syntax: The MASS/COUNT Distinction In a Cross- Linguistic Perspective. Lexicology 1, S. 1-113. Gerards, David, Paul (2020), Bare Partitives in Old Spanish and Old Portuguese. Thesis Universtity of Zurich., Glaser, Elvira (1992): Umbau partitiver Strukturen in der Geschichte des Deutschen. In: Sprachwissenschaft 17/2, 113 132. Glaser, Elvira (1993): Syntaktische Strategien zum Ausdruck von Indefinitheit und Partitivit t im Deutschen (Standardsprache und Dialekt). In: Abraham, Werner/Bayer, Josef (Hg.): Dialektsyntax. Opladen, 99 116. Glaser, Elvira (1995): Die syntaktische Nullstelle eine Kennform des Alemannischen? In: L ffler, Heinrich (Hg.): Alemannische Dialektforschung. T bingen/Basel, 65 79. Glaser, Elvira (1996): Morphologie und Funktion des unbestimmten Artikels im Bairischen. In: Eroms, Hans- Werner/Scheuringer, Hermann (Hg.): Sprache an Donau, Inn und Enns. Linz, 149 169. Kolmer, Agnes (1999): Zur Mass/Count-Distinktion im Bairischen. Artikel und Quantifizierung. Univ. zu K lner. Arbeitspapiere 34. Sasse, Hans-J rgen, Leila Behrens (1999): Qualities, objects, sorts, and other treasures : gold digging in English and Arabic. Univ. zu K lner. Arbeitspapiere 35. Strobel, Thomas (2012): On the areal and syntactic distribution of indefinite-partitive pronouns in German: methodological advances and empirical results within the project Syntax of Hessian Dialects (SyHD). In: lvarez P rez, Xos Afonso/Carrilho, Ernestina/Magro, Catarina (Hg.): Proceedings of the International Symposium on Limits and Areas in Dialectology (LimiAr), Lisbon 2011. http://limiar.clul.ul.pt 22/03/2025 Seite 24

UFSP Sprache und Raum Literatur Strobel, Thomas (2011): On the spatial structure of the syntactic variable pronominal partitivity in German dialects. In: lvarez P rez, Xos Afonso/Carrilho, Ernestina/Magro, Catarina (Hg.): Current Approaches to Limits and Areas in Dialectology. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Strobel, Thomas / Elvira Glaser (2021):The rise and fall of partitive markers in some Germanic varieties. In: Ihsane, Tabea (ed.): Disentangling Bare Nouns and Nominals Introduced by a Partitive Article. Brill, 17- 53. Strobel, Thomas (2017c): Pronominale Partitivit t: Arealit t und Mikrovariation einer morphosyntaktischen Variable in den Variet ten des Deutschen. Diss., Frankfurt am Main, http://publikationen.ub.uni- frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/44424. 22/03/2025 Seite 25

UFSP Sprache und Raum ein Geld ein Rahm ein Zucker ein Licht

UFSP Sprache und Raum Plural eine outside Bavarian Swabian: Mia hont no oine dahoim [Birnen] (Eastern Swabian) we still have some at home [pears] Dort h nget oa [Handt cher] (Hard, Swabian-Alemannic) Some are hanging over there [towels] Franconian: Mer thout halt ani [Schnitze] in die S rg (N rnberg, Mfr.) People, traditionally, put some in the coffins [slices] I hob [Bananen] (Forchheim, Ofr.) I have some [bananas]

UFSP Sprache und Raum eine

UFSP Sprache und Raum Mach der brie nit z vill. leg jr zimlich vill jn die pfannen vnnd ain erbs dar nderthon 22.03.2025 Erste Retraite UFSP SpuR Seite 29

UFSP Sprache und Raum Old Spanish (6.1) OSp. pot.PA.1 de-nominal: ROI-BP tomen de las violetas e take.IMP.3PL of DEF.ART.FPL violet.FPL and cu gan=las con d=el agua cook.IMP.3PL=3FPL.ACC with of=DEF.ART.FSG water.FSG Take (of the stuff type) violets and cook them with (of the stuff type) water, (you probably know what kinds of stuff I mean). (Gerards 230) 22.03.2025 Erste Retraite UFSP SpuR Seite 30

UFSP Sprache und Raum Pharmacopoeia 16th c., Philippine Welser 3 seydla weins geu das allerbesten weins daran 22.03.2025 Seite 31

UFSP Sprache und Raum soll man ... ain leffellin voll schens mell ... brennen 22.03.2025 Seite 32

UFSP Sprache und Raum Definite articles bachs Tr. backe sie in Schmalz jm in schmaltz lard Special cases with count nouns m gt jr ain wenig ain ha senblater darin sieden lassen you can cook some fish bubble in it vnnd ain wenig weinper a ch darein and also some grapes 22.03.2025 Seite 33