Arachnids Diversity: A Fascinating Look into Various Species

Phylogeny of Aracnida Anthony Rich

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Palpigradi Microwhip Scorpions 3mm in length or less Segmented, thin carapace that ends in a whip- like flagellum 15 segments No eyes Three pairs of book lungs or no respiratory organs at all (Species dependent) About 80 species of Palpigradi Damp environment to survive https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Live_Eukoenenia_spelaea_in_its_cave_habitat.png Can be found any where on the planet Not the artic or Anarctica

Aranae 40,000 species approximately All spiders produce silk (Their Web) Silk can be used for: Catching insects in their web Some are active predators Aid in climbing Make egg sacs Wrap up their prey Hold sperm Fly About 350 species do not have venom Can be found anywhere on the planet Some species can be found under water https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Araneus_diadematus_(aka).jpg

Amblypygi Tailless whip scorpions/Cave spiders 136 species Found in tropical and subtropical environments Range from 5mm to 40mm Front legs are sensory organs Move sideways with whip leading the way Use the whip to locate prey Can have social interactions with in the species. If siblings are placed in an unknown environment they will seek each other out.

Thelyphonida Vinegarroons/Whip Scorpions 25mm to 85mm in length Six legs for walking Front two turned into sensory organs (antennae) Many have pincers like scorpions One pair of eyes on cephalothorax and three on each side of the head Chemical defenses Spray acetic acid, octanoic acid, formic acid or chlorine Carnivores Tropical and subtropical regions found in humid dark places https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Whipscorpion.jpg

Schizomida Live in the top layer of soil No eyes Name stands for split or cleaved middle Cephalothorax is divided into two separate parts Six legs for walking First two legs as sensory organs Well developed pincers behind the sensory legs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hubbardia_pentapeltis_female.jpg

Ricinulei Hooded tickspiders 5-10mm in length Most noticeable feature is their hood that they can raise and lower over their head No eyes Small pincers compared to body size compared to other aracnids No lungs, gas exchange takes place in the trachea Predators 57 species are described around the world https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cryptocellus_goodnighti.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/File:Trombidium_holoseri ceum_(aka).jpg Acari Mites and Ticks 1mm or smaller in size 50,000 species have been reported around the world but believed to be a million of more living Live in almost environment Terrestrial Aquatic (fresh and salt water) Many are parasitic and will feed on vertebrates and invertebrates Others are detritivores or herbivores https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ixodes_h exagonus_(aka).jpg

Opiliones Harvestmen/Daddy Longlegs Harmless to humans 6,500 species discovered Two main body sections are nearly jointed looking as if one structure differentiates from spiders Single pair of eyes Second pair of legs act as antennae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harvestman_opilio_canestrinii_male_6.jpg Chemical defenses (scent glands) Respiration by trachea. No lungs Body length does not exceed 7mm Omnivors

Scorpionida Scorpions Metasoma (tail) has six segments Last segment has anus and telson (stinger) Cuticles sometimes covered in hairs and act as balance organs Hyaline layer is responsible for glowing under UV light Opportunistic predators https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SCORPIO_MAURUS_PALMATUS.jpg

Pseudoscorpiones Mini scorpions 2 to 8 mm long 12 segments protected by plates Can have 2,4, or no eyes Spin silk for mating, waiting out cold weather or molting Do not have book lungs 2,000 species Range from temperate to cold regions Mainly located in the tropics and subtropics Carnivores https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ar_1.jpg

Solifugae Camel spiders, wind scorpions, and sun spiders 900 species Name means Those who flee from the sun Live in tropical or semi-tropical regions Some species live in grasslands or forests distinctive feature is their large chelicerae Long pedipalps function as sensory organs Can be carnivores or omnivores https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galeodes.jpg

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