Assessing WJEC A Level Art & Design - General Assessment Advice
Ensure positive marking of learner responses and authenticate unaided work. Use teacher authentication statements to validate submissions and acknowledge secondary sources. Understand and apply assessment criteria for accurate evaluations.
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Session Session 8 8 SGS SGS 1- Why is the pressure in the left atrium of a normal individual higher than the pressure in the right atrium
2 - Describe the changes in pressure that will be recorded if a catheter with a pressure sensor on its tip were advanced: (i) from the inferior vena cava into the right atrium (ii) through the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery (iii) into a small branch of the pulmonary arterial tree, so that its tip 'wedges' or jams into an artery and occludes it completely.
3- Why might you be interested in measuring each of these pressures? 4- What will happen to the pressure in the left atrium as a subject breathes in and out?
5- What will happen to the pressure in the pulmonary artery if the pumping action of the left heart is compromised? 6- What effects will this change have on the lungs in the short term 7- If pulmonary arterial pressure is increased over a long period (e.g. in the case of a chronic left to right shunt as occurs with a ventricular or atrial septal defect) what effect would you expect this to have upon the resistance vessels of the pulmonary circulation?
8- What will happen to ventilation/perfusion matching in the lung if some part of the pulmonary arterial tree is occluded by, say thrombus? What is this condition called? 9- Try to find out how, in principle, might you set about assessing the effectiveness of ventilation/perfusion matching in a patient's lungs?
10- Look back at your 'Mechanisms of Disease' module. What might happen to produce a partial occlusion of a coronary artery? 11 Which parts of the myocardium will be affected if a patient has an occlusion in (i) the right coronary artery (ii) the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (iii) the left anterior descending coronary artery?
12- Why will such an occlusion cause more problems in exercise than at rest? 13- What are the symptoms of mildly insufficient blood flow to part of the myocardium? 14 -What will happen if blood flow to part of the myocardium is dramatically reduced?
15 - If these changes are not apparent at rest what would an individual have to do to reveal them? 16- What will happen to the blood flow through the brain if a subject increases their breathing ('hyperventilates') and so reduces the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in arterial blood?
17 - How should you deal with someone who faints because of a temporary reduction in cerebral blood flow? 18- The brain is contained within a rigid cranial cavity. What special problems might this pose for the cerebral circulation?
19- What will happen to the ease of perfusing the brain if the pressure within the cranial cavity (the 'intracranial pressure') rises? What effect do you think this may have on arterial blood pressure and why?
