Assessment in Education: Tests, Measurement, Evaluation

Test Test: A test is a standard set of questions or tasks to which students respond independently and the results of which can be used for a quantitative comparison of the performance students. of different

Measurement Measurement :Measurement is the process of assigning numerical indices to attributes under study. Measurement in educational evaluations would be raw scores, percentile ranks, derived scores etc. When a test is given, measurement takes place.

Evaluation Evaluation is a continuous and comprehensive process which covers every aspect of individual s achievement. Evaluation=Quantitative description of learner s achievement +Qualitative description of learner s abilities + Value judgements about achievements and abilities.

Difference between Measurement and Evaluation Measurement Evaluation 1. Quantitative 2. Independent 3. Scientific and precise 4. Objective and impersonal 5. Not a continuous process 6.Not depends upon past or future Qualitative Depends upon measurement Unscientific and not precise Subjective and personal Continuous process Depends upon past and future 7.Focus is only on a single aspect like subject matter achievement Emphasises all aspects of pupil growth

Steps involved in Evaluation 1. Define the objectives to be tested. 2. State the objectives. 3. Selection of evaluation tools. 4. Quality of tools. 5. Practicability of the tools. 6. Interpretation of data. 7. Application of results.

Functions of Evaluation Evaluation improves quality of teaching. Evaluation helps in clarifying the objectives. Evaluation motivates learners. Evaluation can bring changes in the curriculum. Guidance can be given on the basis of evaluation.

Types of Evaluation 1. Formative Evaluation 2. Summative Evaluation 3. Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (C.C.E)

Formative Evaluation Formative Evaluation is carried out during a course of instruction for providing continuous feedback to both the teachers and the learners. It is a tool used by the teacher to continuously monitor student progress in a non threatening, supportive environment. It gives a chance for the student to reflect on his performance, take advice and improve upon it.

Summative Evaluation Summative Assessment is carried out at the end of a course of learning. It measures or sums-up how much a student has learned from the course. It, can only certify the level of achievement at a given point of time.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is a system of evaluation that covers all aspects of student development. The term continuous means the student s growth and development is a continuous process that spread over the entire span of academic session.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation The second term comprehensive means that the scheme attempts to cover both the scholastic and the co-scholastic aspects of the students growth and development. C.C.E includes regularity of assessment, frequency of testing, diagnosis of learning gaps, use of corrective measures, retesting and feedback to teachers and students for their self evaluation.

Objectives of C.C.E To develop cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills To make evaluation an integral part of teaching-learning process To lay emphasis on thought process and de- emphasize memorization To use evaluation for improvement of students achievement and teaching-learning strategies To make the process of teaching and learning a learner-centred activity

Features of C.C.E It is continuous in the sense that assessment of students starts in the beginning of instructions (placement evaluation) and continues during the instructional process (formative evaluation) informally using multiple techniques of evaluation . It is comprehensive because it includes assessment in scholastic as well as co-scholastic aspects of the pupil s growth. Scholastic aspects include subject specific areas, whereas co-scholastic aspects include life skills, co- curricular activities, attitudes and values .

Features of C.C.E Assessment in Scholastic areas is done informally and formally using multiple techniques of evaluation continually and periodically. Assessment in Co-scholastic areas needs to be done systematically and methodologically.

Functions of C.C.E C.C.E. helps the teacher to organize effective teaching strategies. C.C.E. diagnoses each individual learner s strengths and weaknesses and their needs. C.C.E. motivates children to develop good study habits, to correct errors, and to direct their activities towards the achievement of desired goals.

Functions of C.C.E C.C.E. helps in regular assessment. C.C.E. motivates children to develop good study habits, to correct errors, and to direct their activities towards the achievement of desired goals. C.C.E. identifies areas of aptitude and interest. It provides information and reports on the progress of students and thus helps in predicting the future success of the learner.