ATHENA Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics Status

ATHENA is an advanced telescope project for high-energy astrophysics. The current design and development plan focus on CryoAC detector progress and electronics development. The goal is to reach TRL 5-6 by end of 2018. Key tasks include trade-off studies, multi-TES pixel production, CryoAC manufacturing, structural analysis, and electronics design. Collaboration between INAF, SRON, and CNES drives the project schedule.

• ATHENA
• Telescope
• Astrophysics
• High Energy
• Electronics

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1. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics STATUS OF CURRENT DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND PHASE A SCHEDULE A. ARGAN1, C. MACCULI1, L. PIRO1, M. BARBERA1, M. DADINA1, F. GATTI2, S. LOTTI1, L. VALENZIANO1 1INAF, 2Univ. Genova n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

2. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

3. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics CRYOAC: what we have done Progress on the CryoAC detector single pixel (max 4 TES): Comprehension of the detector physics TRL= 3-4 CryoAC multi-TES design and manufacturing: Preliminary structural analysis by Comsol of the CryoAC Silicon structure Realized the process to deposit on Silicon the Nb strip for TES biasing Realized two Ir multi-TES pixels (65 TES per pixel), with and without Al-collectors, and Nb biasing On production the Ir multi-TES pixel (96 per pixel), Al-collectors, anti-inductive Nb biasing, and bridge-suspended respect to silicon frame CryoAC design and mechanical I/F with the TES array: Work started with the SRON team, shared ideas and preliminary size of the CryoAC active area (silicon absorber) which will contribute to the FPA design Electronics: About the CFEE, WFEE and WBEE, all the electronics functions from warm to cold have been well framed by the italian teams; power, mass and volume budgets and have been detailed n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

4. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics What we have to do towards the TRL 5-6 by end 2018 Progress on the CryoAC detector single pixel: Trade-off study among Tc, Base temperature, CryoAC performance (ETF, R) Production of Proximized multi-TES Ir: Au to lower the Tc at design value Consolidation of the multi-TES internal layout TRL = 4 of the multi-TES pixel CryoAC manufacturing and test: Define the mechanical I/F (size, anchoring location, materials) of the CryoAC Conclusion of the structural analysis by Comsol of the CryoAC Silicon structure Production and test (1 out of 4 pixel) of the CryoAC detector + vibrations Test with the TES array inside the Cryostat Electronics: Define the electrical I/F for the SQuIDs from the 50 mK stage to the 2K stage Define the envelope to place the cold RF-filtering board at the 2K stage Design, development and test of the CFEE (SQuID + filtering board) Design and development of a WFEE representative bread-board (TBC) IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE AN INTERNAL SCHEDULE BETWEEN INAF AND SRON DRIVEN BY CNES n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

5. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Breadboarding philosophy vs DM Several BBs are foreseen to have a CryoAC DM integrated in the Cryostat at TRL 5-6 by end 2018 CryoAC detector single pixel: On 2015 get the TRL 4, 3 samples, by testing new multi-TES samples, Al coll., Nb wiring CryoAC detector array: BB0: preliminary prototype for mechanical-thermal qualification machined Si wafer for cryo test (stress, rupture, ), by Q2 2016 BB1: STM (form-fitting) by Q4 2016. BB1 to be included (TBC) in the cryochain CTP activities BB2: CryoAC detector with 1 out of 4 pixel active, mounted on the metallic frame, SQuID mounted and routed, vibrated, performance test by end 2017 in Italy (TRL 5) If BB2 succesfull, delivery to SRON for integration CryoAC detector electronics: By Q2 2015 we have to provide to VTT the SQuID specifications BB1 CFEE (filtering board) tested on 2015-Q1 2016, mainly to verify at cryo the functions Once from the cryostat team we have the allocated envelope and the SQuIDs have been procured, production of a BB2 CFEE form-fits by the Q4 2016 BB of the WFEE by Q4 2016 (TBC) metallic frame + micro- n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

6. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics The CryoAC Demonstration Model Ideas to be discussed with CNES/IRAP The DM is constituted by: The CryoAC detector array (1 out of 4 pixel active) mounted on the metallic frame The metallic frame has on board also the SQuID (1) routed from the TES-pad to the 2K The acquisition system (including the TES/Squid biasing) is based on LAB equipment except for the WFEE (TBC) The WBEE is not included in the DM From the programmatic point of view: By end 2015 mechanical load specification By Q2 2016 the I/F thermal/mechanical/electrical to develop the BB1 have to be provided to the italian team by CNES/SRON BB2 delivery end 2017 for the FPA-DM AIT n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

7. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics X-IFU Aperture Cylinder and FPA Filters On-going Activities - Performance simulations - Thermal modeling to derive temperature profiles on each filter - IR transmission and radiative power calculation onto the detector - Ray tracing (mesh imaging, filter tilt angles) - X-ray transmission - Material investigation - Supporting mesh for the outer and larger diameter filters (Si, Polyimide, Al, ) - Thin supporting foil (Polyimide, Si3N4, .) - Aluminum layer (oxidation, ) - Filter sample procurement - Polyimide/Al filter samples with Al lithographic mesh or meshless (LUXEL) - Si3N4/Al filter sample with Si lithographic mesh (provider still TBD) n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015 7

8. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Main Activities Required Inputs Q1-2015 - Performance simulations - Cryostat specs. (shield temperatures, cooling power, ), required EM attenuation in X-band. - - Samples procurement Preliminary tests (mechanical robustness, mesh trasparency, X-ray & IR transmission, EM shielding, Al oxidation, ) Technology Development Q4-2015 Q1-2016 - - Filters and frames preliminary design Inspection, handling and storage procedures Filters sample procurement Test measurements - Environmental - Vis/IR transmission, XPS, AFM, - X-ray transmission incl. Fine Abs. Struct. - Cryostat Thermal/Mech. I/F - - - Vibrational and acoustic load Q4-2016 Q1-2017 - - - - - DM filters and frame design DM filters + back-up filters procurement Optical Inspection Shipment for integration in the DM Test measurements on Back-up filters DM Development (TBC) Q4-2017 n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015 8

9. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics ICU: status Update on activities Top level requirements revision from ICU prespective; Budget (Mass, power, data rate) revision; Basic architecture revision along with instrument configuration evolution. Open points HK data rate budget Model philosophy at instrument/subsystem level to be flown down to ICU level Communication from top-level to unit-level to be improved: flow of information only on request. n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

10. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics ICU: Planning and development Planning for phase A ICU requirements baseline (preliminary); Development and verification plan first issue; Preliminary architecture including IFs; IPRR preparation (end 2017 - TBC) DM/breadboarding No HW/SW breadboarding is foreseen Technology (HW/SW) is already at TRL >5 (heritage Gaia, Euclid, JWST); Compression simulation on representative data n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

11. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Background simulations: activities status L2 environment characterization XMM-Newton: correlating satellite position to measured proton flux first rough estimate of the focused proton flux for ATHENA Magnetotail GEOTAIL data analyzed Need to analyze further data (ARTEMIS, STEREO, WIND) to infer the proton flux dependence on time and spatial sector around L2 SEP: Analyzing high energy (>100 MeV) data in L1 The preliminary magnetic diverter specs will be available by June 2015 n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

12. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Monte Carlo simulations Geant 4 XMM-Newton: Studying electron production to optimize passive shield Performing simple tests to check software version dependence of the background Ray-tracing: Measured eRosita mirrors reflectivity for soft protons Compared results with 2 different Monte Carlo codes Improving the simulator to better reproduce the experimental results The passive shielding specs will be available by June 2015 n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

13. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Schedule main assumptions - By Q4 2015 mechanical load specification for both CryoAC and Optical Filters - By Q4 2015 Cryostat specs for the Optical Filter design - By Q1 2016 aperture cylinder specs - By Q2 2015 provide to VTT the SQuID specifications - By Q1 2016 1 SQuID (+ spares) from VTT - By Q2 2016 Cryostat-CFEE mechanical I/Fs - By Q2 2016 the CryoAC-FPA thermal/mechanical/electrical I/Fs provided to the italian team by CNES/SRON n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

14. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Activities planning CryoAC: - By Q4 2015 full testing and characterization of the multi-TES single-pixel prototypes to reach TRL 4 - By Q2 2016 BB0 for functional testing at cryo conditions - By Q4 2016 BB1 for ESA CTP Cryostat contract (TBC) - By Q4 2017 BB2 development, testing (including performance and vibration tests) and delivery for the DM integration CryoAC CFEE: - BB0_CFEE: By Q1 2016 prototype of the filter board for functional testing at cryo conditions - BB1_CFEE: by Q4 2016 VTT SQuID tested with the multi-TES single pixel + filter board form fitting - By Q4 2017 BB2 delivery for the DM integration CryoAC WFEE: - By Q4 2016 Q1 2017 EQM development and testing Optical Filters: - By Q4 2015 full testing and characterizationof the first samples procurement - By Q4 2016 full testing and environmental characterization of the second samples procurement - By Q4 2017 DM Optical Filters development, testing and delivery for the DM integration (TBC) n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015

15. ATHENA : the Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Schedule n. ATHENA Italian Team, Consitium Board meeting , Genova, 4 March 2015