Avian Influenza: Understanding the Virus and Clinical Signs
Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a viral disease affecting birds' respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. The disease is caused by Orthomyxovirus type A, with two forms: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Avian influenza has distinct clinical signs such as soft-shelled eggs, sudden drop in egg production, cyanosis of wattles and comb, edema, diarrhea, respiratory distress, and increased death losses in flocks. Post-mortem lesions include swelling of the face, hemorrhages in various organs, and congestion in the skin and intestinal tract. Diagnosis requires isolation and identification of the virus, as well as serological tests like AGP, ELISA, and HI.
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Presentation Transcript
poultry diseases 2 fourth stage second semester lecture 3 part 2 Avian Influenza { Bird flu } Dr.HarithAbdulla Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease College of Veterinary Medicine University of Basrah University of Basrah- College of veterinary medicine- Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease
1- Avian Influenza { Bird flu } Avian influenza is viral disease affecting respiratory, digestive and / or nervous system of many species of birds . Etiology Orthomyxovirus type A two forms :- 1- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus {HPAIV} . 2- Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus { LPAIV}.
O The virus have two types of surface antigens : The virus have two types of surface antigens :- - 1- Hemagglutinin (H) = 15 . 2- Neuraminidase (N) = 9 . O Incubation period : Few hours to days . O Course of the disease :- 1 2 weeks . Method of Spread : Method of Spread :- - 1- Contact . 2- Water fowl . 3- Slaughter house . 4- Live markets . O Morbidity : Variable . O Mortality: Can reach 80 100 % .
Clinical signs 1. Soft shelled eggs . 2. Sudden drop in egg production . 3. Cyanosis of wattles and comb . 4. Edema and swelling of head ,eyelids , comb ,wattles and hock . 5. Diarrhea . 6. Blood tinged discharge from nostrils . 7. Incoordination ,including loss of ability to walk and stand . 8. Pin point hemorrhages , most easily seen on feet and shanks . 9. Respiratory distress . 10. Increased death losses in a flock
Post mortem lesions: Swelling of the face and area below the beak . Clear straw colored fluid in the subcutaneous. Congestion in the skin and intestinal tract . Hemorrhage may be seen in the : 1. 2. 3. 4. a. Trachea . b. Proventriculus . c. Beneath the lining of the gizzard . d. Intestines . e. Muscles along the breast bone . f . Heart . g. Gizzard fat . H. Abdominal fat.
5. The lining of the gizzard may be easily removed. 6. Sinusitis with mucopurulent to caseous exudate . 7. Fibrinopurulent pericarditis . Note Note : : Young broilers may show signs of severe dehydration with other lesions less pronounced or absent entirely .
Diagnosis Isolation and identification of the virus . Serology : a. AGP { Agar Gel Precipitation test}. ELISA. HI {Hemagglutination Inhibition test }. 1. 2. A. B. C. ODifferential Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Diseases affecting :- Respiratory , Digestive and Nervous systems .
OTreatment : Treatment :- - No treatment . O Prevention and Control : Prevention and Control :- - 1. Strict quarantine measures . Depopulate infected flocks . Bury infected birds . Killed vaccine are available for certain approved areas. 2. 3. 4.
