Axial Field Electrical Machines Overview
In this informative content, learn about the principles, historical background, classifications, differences, and main configurations of axial field electrical machines. Discover the applications, magnetic circuits, and unique features of these machines compared to radial field counterparts.
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Presentation Transcript
GLANDERS Synonyms: Farcy; Malleus Glander and Farcy Act, 1899
Etiology Burkholderia mallei (Pseudomonas mallei, Malleomyces mallei, Actinomyces mallei. Characteristics: Gram negative coccobacilli, non motile
Hosts Horses, Donkeys and Mules Can also effect: Carnivores, goats and Humans. Swine and cattle are resistant. * Can be transmitted to humans by Direct contact with infected animals or inhalation. Route of Entry Ingestion, Can also be by Inhalation.
Clinical Manifestation Incubation period- 6 days to 2-6 weeks Can be acute, chronic or latent Chronic form in horses Acute form in donkeys and mules Acute form Fever, cough, dyspnea, thick nasal discharge, ulcers Lymph node and vessel involvement Death
Chronic form Coughing, malaise, fever, weight loss Nasal discharge and ulcers, skin nodules Lymph node and vessel involvement (Farcy pipes) Swelling of joints and leg edema Latent form May be few symptoms Nasal discharge Orchitis common
LESIONS Ulcers, nodules, stellate scars in upper respiratory tract Pneumonia Miliary nodules (lung, liver, kidney, spleen) FARCY Swollen lymph nodes Necrosis in internal organs.
Manifestation in Humans Generalized symptoms Fever, malaise, muscle aches, chest pain Forms of infection Localized cutaneous (Nodules ,Erythema and ulceration of skin) Pulmonary (Pneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, pleural effusion) Septicemia (Fever, chills, myalgia, chest pain, rash) Chronic form (Farcy i.e. Multiple abscesses on Muscles, joints, spleen, liver). GLANDERS = A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON
DIAGNOSIS Isolation from Blood, sputum, urine or skin lesions. Mallein test Intradermo-palpebral (0.1 ml PPD) purulent discharge from inner canthus, rise in temp. Ophthalmic (few drops): severe conjunctivitis (6-12 h ) in positive cases. Subcutaneous test: 2.5 ml diluted mallein s/c within 24 h firm painful swelling, pyrexia (1040F). Swelling 1-2 days later, Strauss reaction: Intra peritoneal inj. of positive clinical material in male guinea pigs severe localised peritonitis & orchitis. Test is not specific for glanders only.
