Balances and Imbalances in Social Protection in Denmark
In Denmark, social protection features universalism and targeted universalism in its social security system. The system covers education, health care, invalidity, and state pensions financed through general taxes. While core social security benefits are non-contributory, there are exceptions like unemployment benefits. The system accommodates changing work patterns and addresses gender discrimination issues, focusing on areas such as lower occupational pensions and maternity leave calculations. The conclusion highlights the importance of targeted universalism, flexibility, and areas for improvement like compulsory insurance for unemployment risk and addressing gender discrimination.
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Presentation Transcript
Balances and imbalances in social protection in Denmark Cover and financing Catherine Jacqueson WELMA, Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen WorkWel DFF Project No 118164
04/04/2025 2 Main features of the social security system Universalism and targeted universalism =>Universal system for education, health care, invalidity and state pensions financed through general taxes Core social security benefits are non-contributory (statutory rights) with the exception of unemployment benefits Collective agreements top up statutory rights, important for occupational pensions
04/04/2025 3 Accommodating fragmentation and changing work patterns Sickness benefits => can add-up hours and income but municipality then paying => still limits and problems Unemployment benefits Ups: flexible, add-up, legal status of the activity not the person, part- time/supplementary benefits Downs: only voluntary scheme and only paid by the individual
04/04/2025 4 Focus on gender discrimination in social security Lower occupational pensions as still salary differences Maternity leave: basis for calculation: last year Ear-marked parental leave: father self-employed? Work injury - calculation of compensation => problem when part-time work preceding the injury
04/04/2025 5 Conclusions (Targeted) universalism and flexibility as an asset Question of financing: role of employer v. taxes Room for improvement: compulsory insurance for unemployment risk + gender discrimination
