Balantidium coli: Characteristics, Hosts, and Transmission
Balantidium coli is a highly organized protozoan found in the large intestine of various animals, including pigs, dogs, and humans. It has two developmental stages - trophozoite and cyst. The transmission usually occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food and water, with pigs being the primary host. Understanding the life cycle and characteristics of Balantidium coli is crucial for managing infections in both animals and humans.
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Bihar Animal Sciences University | Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Dr. AJIT KUMAR Dr. AJIT KUMAR HoD HoD Department of Veterinary Parasitology Department of Veterinary Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna Patna- -800014 800014 Image source: Google image
Phylum: Phylum: C Ciliophora iliophora Balantidium coli o Highly organized protozoan having two dissimilar nuclei. o A large macronucleus responsible for cytoplasmic activities of the organisms and a small vesicular micronucleus concerned reproductive process. with Image source: Google image
Balantidium coli o Locomotion: by cilia. o Reproduction: reproduction binary reprocess by conjugation. Asexual transverse and sexual by fission
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli o Host: Pig, dog, cattle, monkey and man. o Location: large intestine ( caecum and colon). o Two developmental stages: Trophozoite and cyst
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Trophozoite o Active motile stage and 50-60 m in length. o At the anterior funnel shaped peristome which cytopharynx or mouth. o Two dissimilar nuclei i.e. macronucleus shaped and micronucleus lies in the macronucleus. end leads to kidney notch of Cytopyge Image source: Google image
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Trophozoite o Two contractile vacuoles one at each end. o An excretory organelle i.e. cytopyge present at the posterior end organism. of the Cytopyge Image source: Google image
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Cyst: o Ovoid to spherical in shape, double walled, yellowish in colour and 40-60 m in diameter. o Cysts inside and outside the host body. are formed both Image source: Google image
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Transmission: o Pig is considered as primary hot and in it B. coli exists as commensal in the large intestine of most pigs. o Pig is probable the persistent source of infection for man, cattle etc. o Hosts get infection through the ingestion of contaminated food and water with cyst of B. coli.
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Pathogenesis and symptoms: o In pigs normally it is non- pathogenic but invade the producing superficial to deep ulcer with enteritis. It produces diarrhoea and dysentery with hemorrhage. occasionally mucosa and
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Pathogenesis and symptoms: o In superficial associated with enteritis. The initial lesions may resemble those produce by Entamoeba histolytica but do not show the similar tendency to enlarge or spread. man, B. to coli deep produce ulcer
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Diagnosis: o Microscopic faecal examination reveals cysts. o Trophozoite stage may be found in diarrhoeic stool. Cyst Image source: Google image
Balantidium Balantidium coli coli Treatment: o Tetracycline, Metronidazole etc. Control: o Good hygiene and proper sanitation. o Proper disposal of faces of pig and man.
