Bible Translations: Divine and Human Authorship
Transferring the message of Scripture through translations has been a pivotal task influenced by divine and human authorship. The Bible's double authorship, handling of original texts, historical manuscripts, and evolution of translations over centuries reveal the intricate process behind the material we hold today.
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SCC University What we believe and why we believe it!
Week 2 Recap Interpreting Scripture Audience/Context Differences Theological Principle Biblical Litmus Test Our Town Miracles of John http://www.sccbranford.org/resources/scc-university-power-point-slides.html
Bible Translations What is a Translation? Transferring the message of one language into another language Is there a difference between translation and biblical translation? Divine Author/Human Author Original Scripture Copies of Original Critical Text Translator and/or Translation Committee English Translation Modern Readers Out of whose mouth did Scriptures come, then? God s or man s? The only biblical answer is both. Indeed, God spoke through the human authors in such a way that his words were simultaneously their words, and their words were simultaneously his. This is the double authorship of the Bible. Scripture is equally the Word of God and the words of human beings. Better, it is the Word of God through the words of human beings. - John Stott (2 Tim, 3:16)
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? Copies were made Ca. 5,000 manuscripts covering all or parts of the New Testament in less than 100 years 1947 = Dead Sea Scrolls 300 B.C. to A.D. 100 Prior to D.S.S. oldest O.T. manuscripts = A.D. 800-900 Amulet with an excerpt from Num. and a portion of a manuscript from Lev. dating to A.D. 600 Herodotus (ca. 480-425 B.C.): A.D. 900 = 8 copies Iliad (ca 900 B.C.): 400-100 B.C. = 39 copies (by A.D. 300 = 1,1170) with 95% accuracy
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? Divine Author/Human Author Original Scripture Copies of Original Critical Text Translator and/or Translation Committee English Translation Modern Readers A.D. 382 St. Jerome Vulgate = 1st Latin Translation Remained the main Roman Catholic translation until 1600 s Giovanni Bellini
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? John Wycliffe 1382 English philosopher, theologian, seminary professor at Oxford, and Roman Catholic priesthood dissident. Translates the N.T. portion of the Vulgate into Middle English Thomas Kirkby
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? Prior to the 1400 s all books were hand written by scribes = introduces some error Textual Critics (able to speak languages of the bible) compare across all known sources of a text to select the most accurate version 1400 s = invention of the printing press 1500 s protestant reformtion
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? William Tyndale 1536 English Scholar and leading figure in the Protestant Reformation. 1st translation of the Bible into English from the original Greek and Hebrew Henry VIII didn t like him
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? 1611 Authorized Version commissioned in response to the problems of the earlier translations perceived by the Puritans. Commissioned by? King James I in 1604 Over 200 major changes between 1611 and 1769
Bible Translations How did we get the chunk of material we now hold in our hands? Goal was to make the text accessible to ordinary people while maintaining the dignified/elegant found in Latin for the purpose of public worship KJV in the modern era James 2:3 And ye have respect to him that weareth the gay clothing
The Last Supper The Last Supper Discourse: Chapters 13-17:26 Feet Washing V12b-15: Do you understand what I have done to you? 13 You call me Teacher and Lord, and you are right, for so I am. 14 If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet. 15 For I have given you an example, that you also should do just as I have done to you.
The Last Supper Feet Washing Let s apply our lesson for studying the Bible Context the town 1 Century A.D. Jerusalem, Judaism / Middle Eastern culture, sandals Differences? What is the principle 15 For I have given you an example, that you also should do just as I have done to you. 16Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him. 17 If you know these things, blessed are you if you do them Test this against the rest of the bible. Think of ways to apply it your life
The Last Supper Judas Iscariot God s Providence 13:2, 13:10-11, 13:18, 13:21, 13:23-28 13:27 - Then after he had taken the morsel, Satan entered into him. Jesus said to him, What you are going to do, do quickly. Pharaoh in Exodus 7-11 Providence AND Free Will or Providence VS. Freewill? Westminster Confession of Faith: Ch5, Sec 1 God the great Creator of all things does uphold,[Heb 1:3] direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things,[Dan 4:34-35, Pslm 135:6, Act 17:25-28, Job 38-41] from the greatest even to the least,[MAT 10:29-31] by his most wise and holy providence,[Prov 15:3, Pslm 104:24, & 145:17] according to his infallible foreknowledge,[Act 15:18, Pslm 94:8-11] and the free and immutable counsel of his own will,[Eph 1:11, Pslm 33:10-11] to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.[Isa 63:14, Eph 3:10, Rom 9:17, Pslm 145:7, Gen 45:7] https://reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs/
The Last Supper Providence All in all creatures, actions, and things = Scary We MUST understand what God is Westminster Confession of Faith: Ch. 2 Sec. 1 There is but one only,[1] living, and true God,[2] who is infinite in being and perfection,[3] a most pure spirit,[4] invisible,[5] without body, parts,[6] or passions;[7] immutable,[8] immense,[9] eternal,[10] incomprehensible,[11] almighty,[12] most wise,[13] most holy,[14] most free,[15] most absolute;[16] working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will,[17] for his own glory;[18] most loving,[19] gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin;[20] the rewarder of them that diligently seek Him;[21] and withal, most just, and terrible in his judgments,[22] hating all sin,[23] and who will by no means clear the guilty.[24]
The Last Supper Providence God is GOOD Mat 10:29-31: 29 Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground outside your Father s care. 30 And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. 31So don t be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows. (see v16-28) Audience = disciples followers of God Mat 6:28-30 28 And why do you worry about clothes? See how the flowers of the field grow. They do not labor or spin.29Yet I tell you that not even Solomon in all his splendor was dressed like one of these.30If that is how God clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the fire, will he not much more clothe you you of little faith? (see v33) Audience = sermon on the mount
The Last Supper Providence Natural Disasters, Bad Things/Good People, Bad People Westminster Confession of Faith: Ch. 5, Sec. 2 Although, in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first Cause, all things come to pass immutably, and infallibly;[Act 2:23] yet, by the same providence, he orders them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either [1] necessarily, [2] freely, or [3] contingently.[Gen 8:22, Jer 31:35, Exo 21:13, Deut 19:5, Isa 10:6-7]
The Last Supper Providence Natural Disasters, Bad Things/Good People, Bad People That as God is working his purpose out according to the eternal council of his Will. A God who is in absolutely no need of help from any quarter. A God who could have removed every secondary cause and made himself the primary cause of everything that takes place. That God has chosen in the mystery of his purposes to effect his eternal council by the employment of secondary causes to govern a world in which some events and actions cause other events and actions. [For example] Tides, movement of the planets, sowing and reaping [Genesis 8:22]. Because he has determined that "ordinarily" that is the way it will happen so that there are patterns and regularities that are written into the universe . other causes that are the result of the free exercise of the will of the induvial (Potiphar/wife) . Or contingently [Acts 27] - Alistair Begg "In inert matter God acts by physical force. In brute animals by instinct and appetite. In intelligent beings, by motives suited to their facilities. In his redeemed people by the influence of grace." - Charles Bridges
The Last Supper Providence Natural Disasters, Bad Things/Good People, Bad People Patterns and Regularities: Principles of nature that govern natural processes which sustain life ordinary/necessary Hurricanes, earth quakes, etc must be viewed in the same light as seasonality (plant growth), carbon cycle, and water cycle. San Francisco 1906 Pride of Mankind & 1989 Why? Although not the only reason, one reason is because it highlights God s power when the out-of-ordinary occurs God who could have removed every secondary cause and made himself the primary cause of everything that takes place. That God he has chosen to use secondary means to control the world Numbers 11:31, 2 Kings 6:4-7, Mat 8:23-27, etc. (this list can go forever)
The Last Supper Providence Natural Disasters, Bad Things/Good People, Bad People Contingently Occurrences that take place not because of divine intervention from the outside but are contingent upon our actions from within. God seeing things through based on our use of the facilities he gave us. Acts 27: Paul s advice during the storm
The Last Supper Providence Natural Disasters, Bad Things/Good People, Bad People Luke 24:44-45 that everything written about me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled. Isaiah 53 V10: Yet it was the Lord s will to crush him and cause him to suffer Why? It was God s sovereign plan to redeem man Does this spark any questions in regards to providence & bad people?
The Last Supper Providence Natural Disasters, Bad Things/Good People, Bad People Crucifixion Are these men then just mindless machines? Acts 4:27 Man s Action = Murder & Cruelty Acts 2:23 and again in Acts 3:13-16 The set purpose and predetermination of God did no more compel or force their wicked hands to do what they did than a sailor hosting up his sails to take the wind, to serve his design, compels the wind. - Aaron Flavel Romans 3:23 ala Psalms 51:5 bad news is that this condemns all mankind
The Last Supper Providence Providence defined? OR Clear as Mud? Providence is difficult because for us humans because we can only: see it in the rear view mirror, Time understand it when it occurs at a level we can visualize. Scale Properly understanding time & scale is a universal problem that will never go away. Difference between sitting a million seconds vs. a billion seconds Isaiah 55:8-9 For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are my ways, 9 As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.
The Last Supper Providence Ruth 2: 2- 10Then she fell on her face, bowing to the ground, and said to him, Why have I found favor in your eyes, that you should take notice of me, since I am a foreigner? 11But Boaz answered her, All that you have done for your mother-in- law since the death of your husband has been fully told to me, and how you left your father and mother and your native land and came to a people that you did not know before.12The LORD repay you for what you have done, and a full reward be given you by the LORD, the God of Israel, under whose wings you have come to take refuge! v10b V17 = 22 liters v18
