Bilingual Lexical Processing Research: Cross-Language Priming Experiments
Explore the reciprocal influence of L1 and L2 processing in German-English bilinguals through cross-language priming experiments. Investigate lexical representations and the impact of L1 on L2 processing. Replication studies and methodological considerations also discussed.
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German-English Translation Priming The Reciprocal Influence of L1 and L2 Processing 68thStuTS (Studentische Tagung Sprachwissenschaft) Albert-Ludwigs-Universit t Freiburg Fabian R. Eckert 20.11.2020
Bilingualism Definition by Grosjean (1992): - Bilingualism is the regular use of two (or more) languages and bilinguals are those people who need and use two (or more) languages in their everyday lives. Investigation of German-English bilinguals (German as native language)
Lexical Representations in Bilinguals Tisch Desk
Lexical Representations in Bilinguals Tisch Tisch Desk Desk
Cross-Language Priming Experiments designed to research the influence of L1 on L2 processing & vice versa Studies conducted in several languages: - Spanish-English (Davis et al. 2019) - Dutch-English (van Hell & Dijkstra 2002) - Japanese-English (Nakayama, Ida & Lupker 2015) - German-English translation priming not extensively researched
German-English Translation Priming Replication study with different language combination Methodology close to Schoonbaert, Duyck, Brybaert & Hartsuiker (2009), reliant on Jiang & Forster (2001) and Jiang (1999)
German-English Translation Priming Measuring reaction time - Online survey/experiment - Dependent variable: reaction time in ms Lexical decision paradigm - Is this a real word of English/German? - Buttons on keyboard on laptop/PC (Non-)Translation primes - Priming before targets with either random word or translation
Methodological Considerations Translation priming paradigm (Altrarriba & Basnight- Brown 2007) - Cognates - Word length & frequency - Relatedness proportion - Stimulus onset asynchrony - Nonword ratio
Participants 27 German native speakers - Mean age = 22.22 - 22 university students - Most frequent other languages: French & Spanish - Intermediate to advanced English level Language of instruction & survey = German
Stimuli 100 stimuli in total - 60 target word / 40 nonword 5 different conditions / 20 each: - Congruent prime - Incongruent prime - No prime - Nonword - Nonword + prime For each language & condition combination: 10 stimuli
Stimuli - Examples Congruent prime - war KRIEG, love LIEBE, weltall SPACE, blut BLOOD Incongruent prime - fire ESSEN, ladder BRIEF, efeu EARTH, wurst VALUE No prime - STADT, ABEND, HUMAN, SOUND Nonword - AMBEN, LOTUE, GRAIO, DIRVY Nonword + prime - berry HOHIN, car LEGAM, haus WORSK, luft SNILE
Stimuli Non-cognates Nouns 5 letters Frequency: 100-1000 per million words Translations: share no more than 2 letters, 3-7 letters Orthographically and phonetically different Designed using the WordGen program by Duyck, Desmet, Verbeke & Brysbaert (2004) on the basis of the CELEX database of Baayen, Piepenbrock & Van Rijn (1993)
Procedure P a u s e P a u s e P a u s e Experimental Block I English-German Experimental Block II German-English Training Block I English-German Training Block II German-English
Procedure prime trials ########## 500ms prime 50ms 50ms ########## 150ms TARGET Designed using PsyToolkit by Stoet (2010 & 2017) 1000ms
Procedure non-prime trials ########## 500ms ########## 50ms 50ms ########## 150ms TARGET Designed using PsyToolkit by Stoet (2010 & 2017) 1000ms
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Hypotheses 1. Congruence/Incongruence Hypothesis - Priming a correct translation will lead to shorter reaction times than an incorrect translation - Regardless of direction - congruent RT < incongruent RT
Bilingual Asymmetry L1 L2 L2 L1 As argued by Schoonbaert, Hartsuiker & Pickering (2007), Duyck (2005), Keatley, Spinks & de Gelder (1994)
Hypotheses 2. Bilingual Asymmetry Hypothesis - Priming English targets with German translation primes will elicit a stronger effect than the opposite - Stronger priming effect of L1 on L2 than other way round
Hypotheses 3. Proficiency Hypothesis - More proficient bilinguals will exhibit stronger priming effects than less proficient ones - Proficiency impacts priming strength - E.g. Lee, Jang & Choi (2018)
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Results Reactions Times Block Mean RT German: 597.17ms Mean RT English: 672.92ms Condition Mean RT congruent: 591.75ms Mean RT incongruent: 633.32ms Significant difference (F = 5.45, p = .021) Significant difference (F = 9.96, p = .002)
Results German Targets Mean RT congruent: 583.91ms Mean RT incongruent: 610.42ms English Targets Mean RT congruent: 599.9ms Mean RT incongruent: 656.24ms No significant difference (t = -1.31, p = .195) Significant difference (t = -2.81, p = .007)
Results Proficiency Index No significant difference (F = 3.42, p = .068)
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Results German Targets Mean RT congruent: 583.91ms Mean RT incongruent: 610.42ms English Targets Mean RT congruent: 599.9ms Mean RT incongruent: 656.24ms No significant difference (t = -1.31, p = .195) Significant difference (t = -2.81, p = .007)
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Results Reactions Times Block Mean RT German: 597.17ms Mean RT English: 672.92ms Condition Mean RT congruent: 591.75ms Mean RT incongruent: 633.32ms Significant difference (F = 5.45, p = .021) Significant difference (F = 9.96, p = .002)
Hypotheses Congruence / Incongruence Bilingual Asymmetry Proficiency
Lexical Representations in Bilinguals Tisch Tisch Desk Desk
Thank you for your attention! Albert-Ludwigs-Universit t Freiburg Fabian R. Eckert 20.11.2020
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German-English Translation Priming The Reciprocal Influence of L1 and L2 Processing 68thStuTS (Studentische Tagung Sprachwissenschaft) Albert-Ludwigs-Universit t Freiburg Fabian R. Eckert 20.11.2020
