Biodigesters in Small and Medium Swine Farms
Swine farming in Yucatán is a significant economic activity with detailed insights into production, revenue, and export data. The utilization of biodigesters in swine farms is also highlighted, indicating the management of waste and wastewater. The data showcases the importance of sustainable practices in the swine farming sector.
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Case Study Biodigesters in small and medium swine farms
Swine farms activity in Yucatn Swine production Value of production (thousands of pesos) Revenue activity in the farming sector. generating Production (tons) 3rd Place State 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Total national Jalisco Sonora Guanajuato Puebla Yucat n 291,534 282,177 152,951 150,085 127,484 1,566,854 $ 5,065,654 $ 4,926,058 $ 3,156,414 $ 3,243,882 $ 2,816,935 $ 30,354,161 Place at national level in swine production. 5th Reference: Statistical and geographical yearbook by state, INEGI 2013.
Swine farms activity in Yucatn Type of production Tons National rank Economic activity in Yucatan within the meat market 2nd Poultry a/ 9th 123 515 5th Swine 110 047 23th Bovine 31 408 19th Ovine 811 Reference: Statical perspective, Yucat n, INEGI 2014. a/ It refers to chicken meat, light and heavy chicken that has finished its productive cycle, and turkeys
Swine farms activity in Yucatn Main exporting states of fresh pork (2013) Main exporting countries of fresh pork (2013) Place State tons Place State tons 1st Japan 66,575 1st Sonora 53, 923 2nd Korea 8,276 2nd Yucatan 25,000 3rd United States 6,229 3rd Coahuila 1,047 4th Venezuela 253 4th Jalisco 833 5th Vietnam 212 5th Baja California 575 reference: http://www.sagarpa.gob.mx/saladeprensa/2012/Paginas/default.aspx
Swine farms 3,446tons of excreta daily 470 swine farms in Yucatan 8,362 m3of wastewater per day Note: The organic load generated in swine farms is similar to that produced by the wastewater of 3,929,990 habitants. Reference: M ndez R. et al., (2009) Ingenier a 13(2): 13-21
Swine farms 10Megas (80 % of the wastewater is treated) 40Bigs (50 % of the wastewater is treated) 470 Swine farms in Yucatan 27Mediums (30 % of the wastewater is treated) Kind of swine farm Capacity (Kg live weight per pig) 393Smalls (10 % of the wastewater is treated) Mega Greater than 600,000 Big 200,001 600,000 Medium 60,001 - 200,000 Small 100 - 60,000 Reference: M ndez R. et al., (2009) Ingenier a 13(2): 13-21
Distribution of farm activity Swine Ovine Bovine reference: Special Program of Action on Climate Change.
Groundwater contamination risk One of the main characteristics of the soil of Yucatan is the permeability, reason why when the groundwater is located at shallow depths it s highly vulnerable to the wastewaters. The risk of contamination was estimated based on: Depth of groundwater, Net Recharge, Medium aquifer, Type of soil, Topography, Impact to the vadose zone, Risk Risk Risk (%) Surface (%) Extreme 100-80 24.74 Extreme High Medium Low Biodigester High 80-60 19.52 Medium 60-40 38.45 Low 40-20 17.29 Minimum 20-0 0 Hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer
6. Proyectos de mitigaci n Initiatives of the State Government Governor's Commitments 2012-2018: Commitment #145. Encourage, train and promote the production of bioenergetics through biodigester systems on swine farms. State Development Plan 2012-2018 Reduce contamination of the aquifer through the widespread use of biodigesters in state farms. Special Program of Action on Climate Change: Introduce sustainable agricultural sector to achieve a reduction of GHG emissions. management techniques in the
6. Proyectos de mitigaci n mitigaci n 6. Proyectos de Study for the identification and validation of alternatives for the management of solid and liquid waste from swine farms Prototypes evaluated : 2. Treatment by biodigesters 1. Sun-drying treatment 3. Seaweed "beds" treatment Note: The treatment with seaweed beds is not viable with more than 50 pigs
6. Proyectos de mitigaci n mitigaci n 6. Proyectos de Study for the identification and validation of alternatives for the management of solid and liquid waste from swine farms Results of the study: Before treatment After treatment Mexican Law: NOM 001 SEMARNAT 1996 (wetlands) Biodigester Sun-drying Biodigester Sun-drying Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg mL-1) Total Suspended Solids (mg mL-1) pH Total Nitrogen (mg mL-1) Total phosphorus (mg mL-1) 9,117.7 660.6 102.72 79.82 150 7,250.0 1,090,000 130 21.91 125 5-10 NA NA 6.5 7.6 146.8 22.1 8.25 195.85 19.48 7.04 163.5 20 1312.9 276.3 895.2 438.3 10.42 4.55 Fats and oils (mg mL-1) 25 1000 24,000,000 24,000,000 299 3,300,000 Fecal coliforms (colonies)
Biodigesters installed Design This complete system consists of a collection tank of the solid and liquid waste. Swine farms sewage pumping Collection tank
Biodigesters installed Design The biodigester contains a geomembrane that works as an anaerobic filter where the sludge settles Swine farms sewage pumping BIODIGESTER Collection tank Extraction of digested sludge
Biodigesters installed Design The biodigester contains a geomembrane that works as an anaerobic filter where the sludge settles Swine farms sewage pumping Characteristics of the biodigester BIODIGESTER Kind of farm Biodigester capacity (m3) Biodigester design Collection tank Extraction of digested sludge 18 M X 19 M Small 100 20 M X 21 M Medium 150 25M X 26M Big 500 35MX36M Mega 1000
Biodigesters installed Design The Biodigester contains a methane burner Burner Swine farms sewage pumping BIODIGESTER Collection tank Extraction of digested sludge
Biodigesters installed Design The wastewater has secondary treatment through a wetland with sedimentation rocks that work as an aerobic filter. Swine farms sewage pumping BIODIGESTER Collection tank Extraction of digested sludge Wetland
Biodigesters installed Design Finally, it has a pond that stores treated effluent for use as irrigation Swine farms sewage pumping BIODIGESTER Treated water for agricultural irrigation Collection tank Extraction of digested sludge Pond for irrigation
Biodigesters installed Project in 50 municipalities Implementation of biodigesters First stage 2012 50 swine farms 2014 Second stage 100 swine farms Total 150 swine farms
Biodigesters installed Environmental Benefit Treatment of solid and liquid waste Excreta treated per year (tons) 17,075 Wastewater treated per year (m3) 82,092 First stage (50 biodigesters) Second stage (100 biodigesters) 63,679 339,900 80,754 421,992 Total
Biodigesters installed Environmental Benefit Reduction of greenhouse gases Biogas generated (m3 /h) 125 Thousand of Tons reduced per year of CO2 e 8 First stage (50 biodigesters) Second stage (100 biodigesters) 280 20 405 28 Total
Biodigesters installed Inherent benefits of projects Substantial and immediate improvement of hygiene conditions in the productive unit (labor benefit) and in the neighborhoods (community benefit) in and around the swine farms, decreasing odors and damage to flora and fauna. Substantial and immediate reduction of noxious fauna including mainly mosquito and flies (vectors of diseases). This project could make it possible in the future to certify Yucatan pork for its commitment to the environment and its social responsibility. Swine farms will be able to access government support through proper registration and monitoring of their operations within the existing legal framework.
Biodigesters installed Potential for electric power generation Potential for electric power (KWh) Equivalence 8,400 energy-saving bulbs (25 W) or 1,050 households (8 bulbs per household). 18,000 energy-saving bulbs (25 W) or 2,250 households (8 bulbs per household). 26,400 light bulbs or 3,300 households First stage (50 biodigesters) 210 Second stage (100 biodigesters) 450 660 Total
Biodigesters installed Investment of the first and second stage Contribution of the Federal Government Contribution of the State Government Total amount per stage Contribution of BID First stage (50 biodigesters) $18,636,676 $18,636,676 - - Second stage (100 biodigesters) Sub-Total - $23,782,306.5 $23,782,306.5 47,564,613 $18,636,676 $66,201,289 $23,782,306.5 $23,782,306.5
