BRAIN CANCER
Brain cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the brain. Learn about its types, tumor grades, risk factors, signs, symptoms, and diagnostic evaluation methods. Explore management options like radiation therapy and chemotherapy for this condition.
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Presentation Transcript
DEFINITION IT IS AN ABNORMAL MULTIPLICATION AND PRILIFERATION OF BRAIN CELLS. A TUMOIUR IS A MASS OF CANCEROUS CELLS WITH IN THE BRAIN.
TYPES GLIOMAS :- TUMORS OF NEUROEPITHELIAL GLIAL CELLS (SUPPORTIVE TISSUES OF THE BRAIN) MENINGES TUMORS :- THEY ARISE FROM THE LINING OF THE BFRAIN. PITUITARY GLAND HEMATOPOIETIC TUMORS :- INCLUDE MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA.
TUMOR GRADE GRADE I :- THE TISSUE IS BENIGN. THE CELLS LOOK NEARLY LIKE NORMAL BRAIN CELLS, AND THEY GROW SLOWLY. GRADE II :- THE TISSUE IS MALIGNANT. THE CELLS LOOK LESS LIKE NORMAL CELLS THAN DO THE CELLS IN A GRADE I TUMOR. GRADE III :- THE MALIGNANT TISSUE HAS CELLS THAT LOOK VERY DIFFERENT FROM NORMAL CELLS. THE ABNORMAL CELLS ARE ACTIVELY GROWING. GRADE IV :- THE MALIGNANT TISSUE HAS CELLS THAT LOOK MOST ABNORMAL AND TEND TO GROW QUICKLY.
RISK FACTORS EXPOSURES TO RADIATION (IONIZING RADIATION) FAMILY HISTORY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS DUE TO INCREASED ICP :- HEADACHE ESPECIALLY IN MORNING NAUSEA VOMITING MALAISE PAPILLEDEMA (OPTIC DISK SWELLING) INCREASE ICP ALTERATION IN CONSCIOUSNESS
CONT.. NEUROLOGICAL DEFECTS :- DISTURBANCE IN SPEECH AND MEMORY CONFUSION DEPRESSION PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES VISUAL AGNOSIA (INABILITY TO INTERPRET SENSATION AND HENSE TO RECOGNISED THINGS) GAIT DISTURBANCE (DEVIATION FROM NORMAL WALKING) DYSPHAGIA INCONTINENCE (LOSS OF BLADDER CONTROL) COMA SEIZURES
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION HISTORY COLLECTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATION SKULL RADIOGRAPHY CT SCAN MRI LUMBAR PUNCTURE (ANALYSE CSF) (L5) NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION (TESTING OF REFLEXES AND ASSESS VISUAL, COGNITIVE, SENSORY AND MOTOR FUNCTION) BIOPSY EEG ANGIOGRAM (IT IS USED TO STUDT NARROW, BLOCKED, ENLARGED, OR MALFORMED ARTERIES OR VEINS IN MANY PARTS OF YOUR BODY, INCLUDING BRAIN, HEART, ABDOMEN, AND LEGS)
MANAGEMENT RADIATION THERAPY CHEMOTHERAPY SUPPORTIVE CARE STEROIDS ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT COMPLETE OR PARTIAL RESECTION OF THE TUMOR WITH THE OBJECTIVES OR REMOVING AS MANY TUMOR CELLS AS POSSIBLES. CRANIOTOMY (IT IS THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF PART OF THE BONE FROM THE SKULL TO EXPOSE THE BRAIN)
NURSING MANAGEMENT ADMINISTER ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS. ADMINISTER OTHER MEDICATIONS THERAPY AS ORDERED. PLACE PATIENT IN SEIZURES PRECAUTION FREQUENT NEURO CHECK (1-2 HRS) PERFORM INTERVENTIONS TO MINIMIZE ICP MONITOR RESPIRATORY STATUS AND PROVIDE AIRWAY AS NEEDED PREPARE PATIENT FOR POSSIBLE CRANIOTOMY EDUCATE PATIENTS ON IMPORTANCE OF MEDICATIONS COMPLIANCE. OBSERVE VITAL SIGNS AND LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS ACUTE PAIN RELATED TO BIOLOGICAL INJURIES AGENTS AS EVIDENCED BY HEADACHE IN THE FRONTAL OR OCCIPITAL AREA. ANXIETY RELATED TO CHANGE IN HEALTH STAUS AND A THREAT TO SELF CONCEPT AS EVIDENCED BY INSOMNIA OR SOCIAL ISOLATION. RISK FOR INJURY RELATED TO SENSORY AND EFFECTOR DYSFUNCTION AS EVIDENCED BY INCREASED ICP OR SEIZURES ACTIVITY. DISTURBED BODY IMAGE RELATED TO UPCOMING HAIR LOSS AND CRANIAL INCISION AS EVIDENCED BY IRRITABILITY. KNOWLEDGE DEFICIENT RELATED TO KNOW THE INFORMATION AS EVIDENCED BY ASKING MOTE DOUBTS BY THE PATIENT.
