Case study
A 62-year-old male presents with progressive neuropathy, declining mental status, unexplained weight loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Initial assessment reveals neurological deficits, reduced sensation, and blurred vision. Blood tests indicate abnormal levels of key markers. Treatment involves hydroxocobalamin injections and specialist consultation for neurological involvement.
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Presentation Transcript
Case study Hollie Buchan
62 year old male presents to GP with progressive neuropathy and declining mental status What things do you want to ask? Presentation
Progressive neuropathy started 4/5 months ago with pins and needles in the hands and toes. Noticed in the past 2 weeks he has been struggling with his grip and dropping things. Recently struggling with his balance in the past 2 weeks. Mental status -starting to forget where he'd placed things around hishousearound a month ago. Struggling with following long instructions. Sleeping10-12 hours per day and still feeling tired. Symptoms More symptoms: Palpitationsoccurringthroughout the day unprovoked, lightheadedwhen standing up promptly Daily headaches Around 1 stone weight loss in around 3 months and increasing diarrhea.
E- Facial pallor, pale conjunctiva A- Speaking in sentences Superficial bruises on both arms Red tongue, painful to move B- Chest clear bilaterally Baggy clothes Sp02 98% C- HR 115 regular On examination BP 130/85 D- Glucose 5.6 Pupils equal and reactive GCS 14 Abdo soft non tender
Which investigations what you like to do?
NEWS 5 HR 115 and confusion ECG Sinus tachycardia Neurological examination- reduced sensation C6/7/8 and L3/4/5 4/5 grip strength, 4/5 wrist extension and flexion, 4/5 ankle flexion and dorsiflexion Snellen chart - blurred vision bilaterally Investigations Blood tests FBC, haematinics, U&E s, calcium, thyroid function,CRP
Sodium 138 Potassium 4.1 Calcium 2.2 CRP 3 Hb 95 (130-180) MCV 105 (80-100) MCH 35 (27-32) WCC 3.4 (3.6-11) Platelets 120 (140-400) Vitamin B12 90 (180-1000) Folate 4 (>4) Blood test results
Loading dose 1mg hydroxocobalamin IM 3 times a week for 2 weeks Maintenance 1 IM injection 1mg hydroxocobalamin every 2-3 months If thought to be diet related- oral cyanocobalamin tablets 50- 150 micrograms daily or 2x yearly 1mg hydroxocobalamin IM Treatment If neurological involvement- consult specialist advice, treatment may include IM injections alternate days until no further improvement and then 2 monthly
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is required for red cell formation and the process of DNA synthesis. Type of macrocytic anaemia Causes include:Dietary issues, alcohol excess, medication (including PPI's and metformin), autoimmune disease such as celiac and thyroid disease,stomach surgery, intestinal conditions such as Crohn s/UC. B12 deficiency Ensure when identifying folate deficiency to check B12 as it can mask B12 deficiency
https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/anaemia-b12-folate-deficiency/ NICE Guidelines https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/anaemia-b12-folate- deficiency/management/management/