Cell Division, Genetics, and Mitosis - A Comprehensive Vocabulary Guide
Explore the world of cell division, genetics, and mitosis with this comprehensive vocabulary guide. Learn about mitosis, meiosis, dominance types, genetic terms, and cell division phases. Enhance your knowledge with detailed explanations and examples for better understanding.
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Vocabulary Mitosis: a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth Examples: Stem, Blood, Nerve, Brain, Muscle, Skin, and Bone cells Meiosis: a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores Examples: Egg and Sperm cells
Vocabulary Spermatogenesis: Production of Sperm cells Oogenesis: Production of mature egg cells Binary Fission: Prokaryote cell division http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT1tPV8BhteODD1e0BPCKfSJ9XUG_Ot2hPz42VHjH3Os77eNBN1
Vocabulary Complete Dominance: One allele completely hides the other (Masks) Incomplete Dominance: Both alleles influence the phenotype (Blending) Codominance: Neither allele completely hides the other (spotting)
Vocabulary Homozygous- two of the same alleles for a trait Heterozygous- two different alleles for a trait Genotype- Genetic make-up of an individual gene Phenotype- External appearance of an organism, determined by the genotype. Physical Expression of a gene. Allele-All traits/forms of a gene
Vocabulary Prophase: Chromosomes are visible, Nucleus disappears Prepares for cell division Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Middle of cell Anaphase: Sister chromatids move away Away from the cell Telophase: Chromosomes have split, cytoplasm still needs to divide Two Nuclei form
Vocabulary Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm splits in half - Plants cells: 2 new cells form - Animal cells: Cleavage forms Parent cells- create two identical daughter cells
Prophase First phase of Mitosis Chromatin becomes Chromosomes Chromosomes= visible Centrioles move to the opposite ends of the Nucleus Centrioles begin to form
Interphase Longest phase of the cell cycle Cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for Mitosis 3 stages of Interphase: 1. G1 (Growth) 2. S (DNA replication) 3. G2 (Prepares for Mitosis) https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR1fZw8kpdcZmfbPriph0L57UIG5YknKAHHmx05W3O1xnxPdjlR
Metaphase The mitotic spindle has fully developed at this point Chromosomes line up in the middle Chromosomes are connected to spindle fiber http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTTAfCFaeHhnK7_zeZ-90DVLFBiuLD19vx80hDqgn4KRjT-A51wLA
Anaphase Sister chromosomes split, they move to opposite ends of the cell Sister chromosomes split into individual chromosomes Move away from the cell
Telophase Chromatin forms at opposite poles Nuclear Envelope and Nucleolus reappear Two Nuclei form
Video http://www.wimp.com/understandgenetics/
Citations http://lh3.ggpht.com/- xfeUdK00IDY/UcQBPsloTyI/AAAAAAAAGrM/IGwD7gZ1EAU/spermiogenesis _thumb12.jpg?imgmax=800 http://www.google.com/search?q=3+stages+of+interphase&safe=active&source=ln ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=hR2bU7TqMcq- sQSfuYCgCQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=651&gws_rd=ssl# q=oogenesis&safe=active&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&
