Challenges in High-Power RF Systems
High-power RF systems face challenges due to limitations on power couplers, leading to issues like low efficiency and voltage drop. New ideas such as nonconstant voltage and phase acceleration methods are being explored to improve RF efficiency in particle accelerators like CEPC.
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What benefits do the Cadet Forces provide What benefits do the Cadet Forces provide to young people, adult volunteers, and the to young people, adult volunteers, and the UK? UK? Cosford 2018 Cosford 2018 Prof. Simon Denny and Dr Meanu Bajwa- Patel University of Northampton
Research Questions Research Questions 1. What is the social impact resulting from the UK (MoD) spending 170 million p.a. on cadet forces (CF)? 2. What is the benefit of the qualifications provided by CVQO? 3. What is the social impact of the Cadet Expansion Programme (CEP) on the individuals who join the cadet units, their schools, the adult volunteer instructors, their local communities and wider society? Longitudinal project over four years 19 months in
Data gathered so far Data gathered so far Interviews with over 200 cadets, CFAVs, parents, school staff Online survey data from over 2,680 cadets (community cadets and CCFs) CFAV surveys from over 300 volunteers Analysis of BADER and Westminster databases Analysis of CVQO learner database
Emerging themes Emerging themes Decreased anti-social behaviour Career Awareness Military Careers Free School Meals Disadvantage Retention Civilian Careers Careers / Employability Well-being Social Mobility Key y Confidence Leadership Skills Extra- curricular skills & experiences Commitment to schooling Communication NEET Inclusive Community Training Value CFAV BAME Armed Forces Awareness Increased Earnings SEND Well-being Sectarianism
CEP schools and impact CEP schools and impact what the staff told us what the staff told us The motivation of being in the cadets makes our mainstream education possible. Being in the cadets helps prepare them for school leadership awards. It s helped motivate students to stay on at school. (Head) Transition to a new school is made easier by joining the CCF, it s an instant friendship group, it s been especially good for kids with EAL (Head)
CEP schools and impact CEP schools and impact what the staff told us what the staff told us Kids choose to be in the CCF and all the cadets join with the same low level of knowledge, it s a level playing field. They re all in it together and they re all equal. The teaching is different to school lessons, it s more like coaching, we provide them with a new skill and then teach them how to do it better. (Teacher/CFAV) Cadets caters to different learning styles, it s different to the classroom, it s more like a Montessori classroom. (Teacher/CFAV)
CEP schools and impact CEP schools and impact what the staff told us what the staff told us With the narrowing of the curriculum and less vocational subjects available, the CCF makes a real difference to those students who would have been more vocational in the past . (Head) Students on the SEN register benefit by performing at the same level as others whereas that s maybe not the case in class, in cadets their SEN is not relevant. (CFAV/teacher) Being a CFAV helps build better relationships with the kids, which makes teaching easier because you already have that relationship (CFAV/teacher) Having a CCF gives our kids some of what those kids in the independent schools have, why shouldn t they have that? (Contingent Commander)
Cadets Cadets - - where the usual labels don t matter where the usual labels don t matter The belief in a person just because of who they are, not because they have a talent, like say football. (Head) Cadets is great for inclusion, they all wear the same uniform and we re good at adapting for kids with physical difficulties, ADHD, ASD and those at risk of exclusion. (SSI)
Inclusive communities Inclusive communities Politics in NI is becoming much more tribal and the language is hardening, this isn t helping community cohesion, with cadets we can try and overcome this by getting the next generation to mix . Local NI politician Discipline, friendship commitment and the chain of command mean that the stigma and the confrontations that some cadet s face on the streets are not part of their cadet experience. CFAV team and work, selfless Out different; you don t really have a choice. If someone starts on you, you ve got to do what you ve got to do, but here that doesn t happen Cadet in the streets it s Being everyone as they are and not what they believe in or their background Cadet taught to accept
Some headlines from Some headlines from current cadets current cadets online survey online survey No impact at all which is negative, I have gained more friends in school and have a more ambitious attitude towards working in school (Cadet) In the cadet force you need to be committed to get to a new star level or receive a rank, I feel this has made me realise commitment is needed in school. My confidence has improved and I feel as though my attitude towards succeeding has improved. (Cadet) Cadets has not affected my attendance but my attitude towards my behaviour has improved, I do my homework to a better standard and my attitude and wellbeing has been improved (Cadet) It has made me more confident that I can go into school and do what I need to. Whether it's going to be a bad day or not, cadets has helped me be able to see the good things in a bad day and see that all the work (however unpleasant) is gonna be worth it if I put the effort in (Cadet) well, this is also partly due to other extra curricular activities as well, but generally I'm fine. Cadets has also been a good help in making it easier to talk to now people, it also builds good teamwork and leadership skills that are useful in school and impress teachers (Cadet) Cadets has improved my overall attitude towards school. The main thing that I notice with cadets is that it makes me far more confident. Sometimes it is difficult to fit in homework with cadets as I think that even though I have only been a cadets for a few months it has dramatically improved my confidence and has helped me to talk to other people and make new friends if gives me something to look forward to and so in school I can focus on my school work (Cadet)
Key skills: communication, confidence & leadership The data suggests that the CF can improve school wellbeing, which leads to better engagement and academic achievement. Meeting people from different backgrounds and areas develops the social and cultural capital of cadets which can help them with many aspects, such as access to HE and employment opportunities. Analysis shows that participants felt that the CF had many positive impacts, from improving public speaking and social skills, to developing self-discipline, behaviour management and motivating them to achieve in school. With a 40% increase in school exclusion figures in the last three years, (IPPR research, Gill, 2017, estimates the cost of exclusion at 370,000/ young person in lifetime education, benefits, healthcare and criminal justice costs), and with FSM pupils four times more likely to be excluded from school than non-FSM pupils and boys three times more likely to be excluded than girls, the saving to the state of the CF supporting young people to stay in school and achieve could be very significant. For backgrounds, e.g. those receiving FSM who are 1.73 x less likely to achieve English and Maths grade 4 and higher, the impact of being in the CF can be life changing. Alan Milburn said that the UK was in the grip of a self-reinforcing spiral of ever growing division , the data analysed suggests that the CF, by developing the leadership, confidence, motivation and wellbeing of cadets, can help bridge this division and improve life chances for some young people. cadets from more disadvantaged
WANTED: Research participant CCFs WANTED: Research participant CCFs If you think you might like to take part in the research please email: patel@northampton.ac.uk or call: 07870 572425 to discuss the research process and taking part. To carry out our evaluation of the social impact of the Cadet Expansion Programme (CEP) we are using a number of methods, e.g. surveys and interviews with school staff, students, governors and families. meanu.bajwa- There is no obligation and you can change your mind. The data collected will not identify participants or schools. We are happy to involve any members of staff who are completing research degrees in data collection and analysis. However, we would also like to analyse quantitative data, (data such as: attendance, behaviour, targets, LAC, SEND, EAL, FSM etc.) from CEP schools to allow us to quantify some of the impacts. The data used is anonymised and aggregated, participants or schools will not be identifiable.
Thank you for listening, any questions? Thank you for listening, any questions? Emails simon.denny@northampton.ac.uk meanu.bajwa-patel@northampton.ac.uk
