Challenges in Long Pulse Operation for Fusion Facilities
Explore the objectives and activities of the CICLOP IEA-IAEA group focused on gaining experience in long pulse operation for fusion devices. Learn about the group's mission, members, and short-term actions to address physics and engineering challenges in tokamak and stellarator facilities. Stay informed about efforts to set up a comprehensive database and analyze key performance metrics for steady-state operation.
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Coordination on International (IEA-IAEA) Challenges on Long duration Operation (CICLOP) 29/04/2021 Xavier LITAUDON, Hans-Stephan BOSCH, Tomohiro MORISAKI, Matteo BARBARINO (IAEA)
Objective of the CICLOP IEA-IAEA activity Gain experience with steady-state and long pulse operation in actively cooled devices as they are essential to the ITER experiment and beyond. Promote activities, collect and disseminate information on long pulse operation issues share best practice, operational procedures, experimental data, simulation programme and coordinating experiments between the fusion-related IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes in close cooperation (by joint meetings and workshops) with the IAEA activities in the same field (e.g. the IAEA Technical Meeting on Steady State Operation). The group will address the physics and engineering issues of long pulse operation for tokamak and stellarator facilities. It is an informal body with no decision-making power. X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 2
Member of the group as July / 2020 Country/orga nisation first name Family name e-mail functions within CICLOP IAEA contact, Organisation of the IAEA tech. meeting on SSO Co-chair, W7-X contact PWI cross-machine isues for LPO , EU-Linear facilities Matteo BARBARINO IAEA M.Barbarino@iaea.org Hans-Stephan BOSCH Germany Hans-Stephan.Bosch@ipp.mpg.de Sebastijan BREZINSEK Germany s.brezinsek@fz-juelich.de Jerome BUCALOSSI France Jerome.Bucalossi@cea.fr WEST contact Stefano CODA Switzerland stefano.coda@epfl.ch TCV contact Raju DANIEL INDIA raju@ipr.res.in SST-1 contact Kazuaki HANADA Japan hanada@triam.kyushu-u.ac.jp TRIAM-1M , QUEST contact Chris Shunsuke Boris V. HOLCOMB IDE KUTEEV US Japan RF holcomb@fusion.gat.com ide.shunsuke@qst.go.jp Kuteev_BV@nrcki.ru DIII-D contact JT-60SA contact RF coordinator chair, EUROfusion and JET contact person ITER contact Co-chair, LHD contact person Link with PWI-TCP EAST contact AUG contact RAMI engineering for the long pulse operation HL-2A, HL2M contact KSTAR contact Xavier LITAUDON EU-France xavier.litaudon@euro-fusion.org Tim Tomohiro Mizuki Yuntao Joerg Didier LUCE MORISAKI SAKAMOTO SONG STOBER ITER-IO Japan Japan China Germany tim.luce@iter.org morisaki@nifs.ac.jp songyt@ipp.ac.cn joerg.stober@ipp.mpg.de VAN HOUTTE France Didier.VANHOUTTE@cea.fr Lei Siwoo XUE YOON China Korea xuelei@swip.ac.cn swyoon@nfri.re.kr Member of the group will act as contact person per machine in the future we will agree on certain cross-machine topics X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 3
Some short terms actions Set-up a high-level web based multi-machines (tokamak/stellarator) database combining physics and technology for long pulse operation (IMAS format for the link with ITER and ITPA/stellarator database in the long terms). The description should include limiting factors and problems that limit pulse length and performance. Three types of graphs have been proposed by the group Injected power or injected energy vs plasma duration Fusion performance versus plasma duration Accumulated divertor fluence versus plasma duration Common definition of the variables On-going process to get validated data and first analyses X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 4
Database status A total of 89 discharges From 10 facilities including tokamak and Stellerator DIII-D , EAST, JET-C , JET-ILW, JT60-U, KSTAR, TCV, TFTR, Tore Supra, WEST, LHD, W7X Some initial data were collected by M. Kikuchi for his book Frontiers in Fusion Research II X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 5
Recent Update : 04/2021 DIII-D 11 new DIII-D pulses added Duration and averaged data based on betan signal evolution EAST : 1 new long pulse added TCV 4 new pulses added but missing information on Ti JET 16 pulses have been added to include more recent data with the ILW and old C wall pulses Particle flux and wall temperature evolution to be added Duration and averaged data based on neutron flux at 80% of max neutron yield LHD Data has been added WEST / Tore Supra 3 new WEST data Tore Supra data are doubled checked X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 6
Injected Energy vs Power ITER 10000 Injected Energy [MJ] 1000 100 10 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 7
Duration vs Injected power Duration of the high performance phase [s] ITER 1000.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.10 0.01 X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 8
Tripple fusion product vs duration Time averaged fusion triple product [sx1020m-3xkeV] 100.0000 10.0000 1.0000 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 0.1000 0.0100 0.0010 X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 9
Conclusion Joint IEA-IAEA activity to promote activities, collect and disseminate information on long pulse operation issues Short term on international database: some activities could be jointly carried out with EUROfusion ? The group is also responsible for the scientific and technical programme of the IAEA Technical Meeting on Steady State Operation of Magnetic Fusion devices that is planned to take place in 2022 (Vienna). X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 10
Backup X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 11
Formal decision FUSION POWER CO- ORDINATING COMMITTEE 12-13 Feb. 2020 Paris Xavier Litaudon will chair the international group together with Stephen Bosch and Tomohiro Morisaki as co-chair Invited the IAEA and IEA to liaise on the creation of a website for the group s activities Agreed to rename the SSOCG to Coordination on International (IEA-IAEA) Challenges on Long duration Operation (CICLOP) Note the report and agree on the revised Term of Reference of the group X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 12
Long term objectives propose action plans to address long pulses issues as identified in the latest version of the ITER research plan (c.f. ITER specific R&D topics); develop a roadmap of activities to be carried out for long- pulse operation of a fusion thermonuclear reactor including physics, technology, engineering, control, and, modelling/theory; promote experimental and simulation programmes to address key issues specific to long-pulse operation for ITER and DEMO within the frame of the relevant TCP agreement; facilitate exchange of staff, codes, tools, procedure and operational practices within the frame of the relevant TCP agreement; X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 13
Specific short terms objectives collect, compare and disseminate information on steady-state and long pulse operation (e.g. set-up a web site); set-up a high level contact and network for tokamaks and stellarators addressing long pulse issues including future facilities; liaise with the ITPA (e.g. the IOS group for long pulse scenarios) and chair & co-chairs to attend the ITPA-CC meeting; strengthen the synergy between tokamaks and stellarators, e.g. high-level multi-machines database for long pulse operation; identify gaps in physics and technology of long pulse operation or limiting factors in duration and propose actions plan to address the identified gaps or limiting factors; X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 14
Long Pulse Operation ? Overcome and control several plasma-core and plasma-wall interaction time scales to reach stationary conditions e.g. 400s long H-mode baseline regime belongs to the LPO category Most present day ITER Reactor second 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 Plasma Energy confinement Current diffusion MHD Cooling of PFC Total thermalization Heat ELMs - Disruption Wall inventory PFC lifetime/erosion Particles Particle confinement PWI issues [E. Joffrin, IAEA Technical meeting on steady state Operation, Nara, Japan 2015] X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 15
Example of LPO figure of merits [adapted from G. De Temmerman 2018] [E. Tsitrone, PSI 2006, JNM 2007] X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 16
Joint Tokamak/Stellarator database addressing physics / technology LPO issues As an example Y axis physics performance , X axis technology/physics limitation W7-X OP2 OP1.2 OP1.1 OP1.2 W7-X [Original by Kikuchi, adapted from Sunn Pedersen et al., PPCF 2018; Wolf 2018] X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 17
JET fusion performance vs duration (2019-2020) Stationary fusion performance (5s) above C- Wall record Significant progress C-Wall with reliable & steady Average neutron rate [1016 n/s] high NBI power Peak (50ms) neutron rate significantly higher than in 2016, slightly above C-wall reference ! Averaging time [s] [C. Challis et al. 2020 ] X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 18
Definition of stationarity level The fusion performance is stationary when the averaged <Y> does not vary with respect to time , i.e. any value of First moment remain constant independently of the time window , (this is the definition of the weak-sense stationarity) One can quantify a level of stationarity, S , for a given time constant by the ratio of the averaged performance <Y> to <Y> 1 where 1 is lower than S = <Y> / <Y> 1 for any 1 < A stationary pulse should have S close to one X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 19
Illustration/application with two JET discharges X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 20
Stationarity level X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 21
Fusion performance vs Duration X. Litaudon I EUROfusion PRIO | 29 April 2021 | CICLOP | Page 22
