Child Exploitation: Understanding Responsibility and Justice

Child Exploitation- Justice and Support for Children Who is responsible? Bharti Patel CEO, ECPAT UK

ECPAT UK Protecting children everywhere Leading Child Rights campaigning, policy and advocacy organisation committed to the protection of children, prevention of child exploitation, prosecution of perpetrators and accountability of public and private actors for the exploitation. Focus areas: Child trafficking, Transnational Child abuse, On-line abuse Our activities are informed and evidenced by our Research & Monitoring programme, interactions with frontline professionals and directly with young victims of trafficking and Exploitation Member of ECPAT International with network of 82 organisation across 75 countries - committed to ensuring rights of children everywhere to be free from the threats of trafficking, exploitation and abuse. holding government and other sectors responsible and accountable for policies and practices to protect children everywhere and respect their rights.

Definitions Transnational Child Abuse a global phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation of children - the buying and selling of children for prostitution, child sexual abuse and exploitation On-line Abuse - the production, distribution, viewing, live streaming of child abuse images and acts and other forms of pornography involving children. Child trafficking - recruitment, transfer, transportation or receipt for the purposes of exploitation

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Defined as the sexual abuse by the adult and remuneration in cash or kind to the child or a third person or persons, Declaration and Agenda for Action against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children. A process through which the child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object A grave violation of children s rights CSEC is a complex problem that requires very specific interventions and the full attention of the world community.

Child Sex Tourism Sexual exploitation of children by a person or persons who travel from their home district, home geographical region, or home country in order to have sexual contact with children . Child sex tourists can be domestic travellers or they can be international tourists. Often involves the use of accommodation, transportation and other tourism-related services that facilitate contact with children and enable the perpetrator to remain fairly inconspicuous in the surrounding population and environment Occurs in multiple venues Brothels beaches, five star hotels, urban, rural and costal settings

Transnational child abuse Key Destinations

How Many Children are Involved?

Who are the Offenders? Situational abusers - foreign individuals who take advantage of children once they are in a country Preferential child sex abusers (paedophiles) individuals who travel for the purpose of exploiting children 104 UK nationals convicted or suspected of committing sexual crimes against children overseas were reported to CEOP in 2012. 154 British nationals detained abroad for child sex offences (2015 FOI to FCO)

A Former scoutmaster, 35, from Plymouth who has been on the wanted list after fleeing the UK five years ago, travelled to Spain, then to Cambodia where he has been arrested fro child abuse for and now faces deportation. Hertfordshire man (54) jailed for raping girl in Goa. He travelled to India to film himself raping a 10-year-old girl; groomed his victim after befriending her "slum-dwelling" family. He admitted to three rapes and 18 charges in Goa between 2005 and 2007. A BA Pilot 54 in August 2013 was charged with indecently assaulting an eight-year-old girl in Africa and possessing child abuse images. Police were investigating claims from a further 15 possible victims in Uganda and Kenya A British national, with previous convictions in the UK for the production of child abuse images, was charged with sexual abuse of children aged 8 and 11 in Cambodia

Hertfordshire man jailed for raping girl in Goa A 54, travelled to India to film himself raping a 10-year-old girl. has been sentenced to life in prison. He groomed his victim after befriending her "slum-dwelling" family, He admitted three rapes and 18 related charges in Goa between 2005 and 2007. The court heard the girl had felt unable to report what was happening because McCloud paid for her brother's education. McCloud and his wife had met the victim's brother while he was selling peanuts at a beach resort in the 1990 s He has been sentenced to life in prison.

Pilot abused position at British Airways to 'molest hundreds of girls at African orphanages' S Wood, a BA Pilot 54. In 2013 SW was charged with indecently assaulting an eight-year-old girl and possessing child abuse images. During BA stopovers in Kenya and Uganda between 2001 and 2013, Wood abused children and young women when they were aged between four and eighteen in schools and orphanages. BA said it only became aware of the allegations after they received an anonymous letter in July 2015 Thirty eight children and young adults will be compensated by BA for sexual abuse they suffered at the hands of notorious child abuser and BA pilot B Frere (a BA pilot) -. Convicted of two counts of child sexual abuse offences in India and six other charges involving abusive images of children. The offences he was convicted of were related to messages sent over Facebook to a boy in India to whom he gave gifts to and arranged to meet in his hotel for baths and cuddles .

British offender charged with child sexual abuse in Cambodia A British national, with previous convictions in the UK for the production of child abuse images, was charged with sexual abuse of children by a Municipal Court in Cambodia. According to The Cambodia Daily, R Fruin was charged on 30 October by the Phnom Penh Municipal Court with sexual abuse of two brothers, aged 8 and 11. Both children testified during the proceedings to being molested Fruin. Fruin was sentenced by the court on 24 March 2014, to 2 years in prison, at the end of which he will be deported from Cambodia.

Child victims of trafficking in the UK Top ten countries of origin (UKHTC, 2013)

Child trafficking/Exploitation/abuse Reported in the UK

Child sexual Abuse in the UK Over 36,000 crimes 85 a day including rape, sexual assault and grooming were recorded in 2014. Nearly 3,000 aged five and under 190,000 UK children will suffer contact sexual abuse by a non- related adult before turning 18. 10,000 new child victims of contact sexual abuse being reported in the UK each year In 2010 over 37,000 individuals were registered as sexual offenders in England and Wales.

430,177 files of child abuse images downloaded by 95,000 IP addresses - VG newspaper Germany - 18,107 USA 13,630 Russia 11,118 Great Britain 3,743 France 3,393 Japan 3,336

Transnational on-line child abuse A transnational investigation into live streaming of sexual abuse of Philippine children led to 17 arrests of UK nationals including: One man in possession of nearly four million indecent images of children, A man who paid for live abuse of children, had plans to move to Philippines to set up an internet cafe. Registered sex offender, sentenced to 14 years, after he pleaded guilty to 5 charges of arranging sex offences involving children as young as 3 years old. 400 sex offenders have disappeared off the radar of UK law enforcement - many are feared to flown to countries where child protection systems are weak or non-existent. UK is not only exporting offenders, but is also a destination country for child sex exploitation (CSE)

New campaign: Hold online offenders financially accountable for child sexual abuse Calling on Michael Gove MP, UK Secretary of State for Justice, to grant access to recovery funds for child victims of online sexual abuse Modelled on significant legal developments in the United States, the campaign seeks to introduce a financial order to enable child victims of online sexual abuse to claim compensation from their abusers

Why Child trafficking and child exploitation? ......several factors Push factors: Poverty or abuse at home, orphaned, being in care, lack of jobs and opportunities, homelessness Pull factors: False promise of better quality of life access to education, livelihood opportunities and may be family connections Heightened Vulnerability of children lack of social welfare and child protection systems Lack of respect for children and their rights Demand and Supply Low risk and high profit business

Sustainable tourism Sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT) is a negative effect of tourism. It is NOT sustainable tourism, because as well as the environment, the people and community need to be protected, including children. UN World Tourism Organisation Global Code of Ethics for Tourism

The Hospitality sector High risk sector (one in 6 offences in hotels and B&B in the UK) Products and services supplied to the hotel being produced by forced or bonded labour, labour exploitation and unethical labour practices Notice on Hotel (Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014) -Police can require the hotel (or equivalent) to provide the names and address of guests over a specific period, where there is reasonable belief that child sexual exploitation is taking place, The hotel operator will hold responsibility to help protect the children from sexual abuse CEOP of the NCA ICPC and an on-line reporting system. The Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism - six criteria ECPAT UK - e-learning tools and training modules

Two New Civil Orders Provide enhanced protection for both the public in the UK and children and vulnerable adults abroad. Sexual Harm Prevention Orders - applied to anyone convicted or cautioned of a sexual or violent offence, including where offences are committed overseas. Sexual Risk Orders - where a person has done an act of a sexual nature* as a result of which there is reasonable cause to believe that it is necessary for such an order to be made, even if they have never been convicted. Replace FTO, ROSHO, SOPO The new orders give police greater powers to place a range of restrictions on individuals depending on the nature of the case limit their internet use, prevent them from being alone with a child under 16 or prevent travel abroad .

UKs Modern Slavery Act 2015 Criminalising the acts of slavery, servitude and trafficking - for forced or compulsory labour and sexual exploitation. Slavery and Trafficking Prevention Order and Risk Order STPO & STRO - restrict the activity of those who pose a risk or have been convicted - preventing a person from participating in a particular type of business, working with children, visiting a particular place or travelling to a specific country. Anti-slavery Commissionaire Independent with extended remit to include protection of victims - Priority 4: Private sector engagement to encourage supply chain transparency and combat labour exploitation; Development of targeted initiatives with particular sectors where slavery is likely to be prevalent. Partnering with the airline sector and other transport networks to promote awareness. Transparency in supply chains (TISC) legal responsibility on companies ( 36+ million a year) to publish an annual slavery and human trafficking statement disclosing steps taken to ensure their business and supply chains are free of slavery.

The Child Protection Code The Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism Travel industry companies are encouraged to sign up to The Code For more information see www.thecode.org

Child Protection Code criteria Six criteria 1) Establish an ethical policy regarding commercial sexual exploitation of children. 2) Train the personnel in the country of origin and travel destinations. 3) Introduce a clause in contracts with suppliers, stating a common repudiation of commercial sexual exploitation of children. 4) Provide information to travellers by means of catalogues, brochures, in-flight films, ticket-slips, home pages, etc. 5) Provide information to local "key persons" at the destinations. 6) Report annually

International Child Protection Certificate The ICPC is a joint initiative between Child Exploitation and Online (CEOP) and the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO)/NCA But not widely known or used.

Challenges How to identify risk with situational offenders? Lack of sharing intelligence between agencies within and across borders Resourcing of extra-territorial policing and a dedicated national investigation unit for such extra-territorial offending. Addressing the right to reparation of children abused extraterritorially. Who is responsible to ensure that every child that is abused has access to appropriate remedy to help in the recovery, rehabilitation and social reintegration Access to compensation is fundamental right under Article 9 of optional protocol on sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

Working with You Active collaboration to co-create, solutions and tools needed to implement positive changes to prevent transnational abuse and to improve child protection systems in the Hospitality sector across all countries Trafficking and CSE is a global, transnational problem - Need global, transnational partners to fight it. Opportunity to influence best practice in the travel and tourism industry and in the online community (e.g. Hotel certification). Opportunity to educate large numbers of staff and travellers about CSE and child trafficking.

Child protection monitoring group CPMG A multi-disciplinary platform of national and international NGO s, law enforcement officers, lawyer and prosecutors and policy makers on the protection of children across borders. Objective: Monitor UK s record in protecting children against exploitation from British national travelling, working or residing abroad/overseas Share best practice and learnings - amongst law enforcement and prosecutors - on Joint investigation teams, achieving best evidence, extradition process Share best practice and learnings amongst NGO s on local and national child protection polices in destinations countries Discuss whether the UK has appropriate laws and safeguards in place to prevent offences and prosecute offenders, and that these safeguards are being implemented Jointly Campaign for access to justice and right to reparation, restitution and reintegration for child victims of abuse by British perpetrators Adoption of robust child protection policy and practice by public, private and civil society organisation

Set the Standard - Best Practice Incorporating Transnational Child Abuse training Safe recruitment procedures Robust child protection policy Named child protection contact in destinations Monitor and record any suspicions raised Partnership working with NGOs and police Sign up to child protection codes of conduct Customers know that child protection is key Awareness raising with customers and stakeholders

Thank you www.ecpat.org.uk +44 (0)20 7607 2136 info@ecpat.org.uk