Explore the historical events in Chinese political history, including the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, mass political campaigns like the Three-Anti Campaign, and the suppression of counter-revolutionaries. Learn about key figures, movements, and policies that shaped the country's path towards a planned economy and the challenges faced during this revolutionary period.
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OVERVIEW - Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference - Mass Political Campaigns A. Suppressing Counter-Revolutionaries B. Three-Anti Campaign C. Five-Anti Campaign - Constitution of 1954 - Building a Planned Economy: A. The First Five Year Plan B. Land Reform C. Collectivization
CPPCC - Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference: September 21-30, 1949 - Common Program: 1ststatement of national policy under the new CCP govt. - 2 Organic Laws: National and Standing Committee & the People s Government - Common Program: 60 clauses http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1949-ccp-program.html - Mao, On the Dictatorship of People s Democracy (Jun 30) lean to one side
Mass Political Campaigns - 3 most important political campaigns that were launched to control and win over the urban population: 1. Movement for the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries 2. Three-Anti Campaign 3. Five-Anti Campaign
COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES - Counter-revolutionaries: leading members of the GMD and senior officers of its army as well as the highest ranking police officers and secret agents who had worked for the former regime - Jan-Oct 1950: 13,812 arrests - Eliminate Counter-Revolutionary Elements
COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES - Regulations on the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries - Also targeted leaders of traditional Buddhist and Daoist secret societies - Mass meetings - 500,000 to 800,000 deaths (Mao, 1957) - Suicides difficult to assess
THREE-ANTI CAMPAIGN - Corruption, waste, and the culture of bureaucracy - Trial basis in Northeast by Gao Gang - Similar to the earlier New Life Movement under GMD, but targeted govt. officials - mass struggle movement - Individuals singled out, humiliated, and denounced - Served as a template for future mass Served as a template for future mass campaigns campaigns
FIVE-ANTI CAMPAIGN - Jan 1952: bribery, tax evasion, fraud, theft of government property, and the leakage of state secrets - directed at national bourgeoisie (industrialist & traders) - allow activists in workers organizations to examine employer s finances - Outcome: the Party gained understanding about the workings of private sector in towns & cities
1954 CONSTITUTION - Adopted by National People s Congress on September 20, 1954 - Standing Committee - Chairman of the PRC - State Council - Local people s congresses - National flag & national emblem - Democratic?
FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN - Industrial developments had been patchy Northeast (Jap. Occupation) - Decisions on the Unification of the Nation s Financial and Economic Work : centralize finance and taxation accompanied by restrictions on the circulation of foreign currency - 1952: State of Statistical Bureau & State Planning Commission - expand industry; rid of private sector
LAND REFORM - Policy of confiscating land from the landowning classes and redistributing it to the poorest peasants - History: - Jiangxi Soviet period (1929-35) - United Front (1937-45) relaxed - Civil War (1945-49) harsher - By 1949, CCP already quite experienced
LAND REFORM - 1950 Agrarian Reform Law: land ownership system should be abolished and the system of peasant landownership should be introduced - Criteria for classifying were complex - Work Teams: 3-30 people 1. collecting taxes 2. peasant associations speaking bitterness meetings - a a new elite of village cadres emerged new elite of village cadres emerged
COLLECTIVIZATION - Or cooperation began in 1952 - 1952-55: Mutual Aid Teams - 1955: Agricultural Producers Cooperatives (APCs) 30-40 families - 1956-58: High Agricultural Producers Cooperatives (HPCs) 100-300 families - What did collectivization mean for the families involved?
