CLARREO Pathfinder Science Capabilities Overview
CLARREO Pathfinder aims to establish high accuracy benchmark records for detecting climate change through reflected solar, emitted infrared, and GPS data. The mission includes intercalibration, information content for climate predictions, and impact assessment on climate variables.
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CLARREO Pathfinder Science Capabilities Peter Pilewskie Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 1
CLARREO: Climate Absolute Radiance & Refractivity Observatory Establish high accuracy benchmark record for detecting climate change: Reflected solar, emitted infrared, GPS Accuracy verified on-orbit, guarantees consistency over long time periods. Reference intercalibration: transfer to operational sensors. High information content for attributing, testing and validating climate predictions. Accuracy and sampling to assess and predict the impact of changes in the climate variables on climate change. Benchmark variables are direct observables; reflected/emitted radiance or reflectance. CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 2
CLARREO Pathfinder Description and Scope CLARREO Pathfinder will demonstrate high accuracy measurement of Earth solar reflectance and radiance inter- calibration within the reflected solar spectral range Aligned with 2017 Decadal Survey Program of Record, and 2007 Decadal Survey Tier 1 CLARREO mission Demonstrate on orbit, high accuracy, SI-Traceable calibration for measurement of Earth solar reflectance 5-10 times more accurate than current best available sensors on-orbit Demonstrate ability to transfer this calibration to other on- orbit assets (VIIRS, CERES) Instrument Payload Formulation, implementation, launch, operation, and analysis of measurements from a Reflected Solar (RS) Spectrometer, launched to the International Space Station (ISS) Class D Mission, nominal 1-year mission life + 1 year science data analysis Spectrally-Resolved Earth Reflectance Launch targeted for late CY2023 CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 3
CLARREO Pathfinder Reflected Solar (CPRS) Demonstrate essential measurement technologies for the Reflected Solar component of the CLARREO Tier-1 Decadal Survey Mission Demonstrate on orbit, high accuracy, SI-Traceable calibration Demonstrate ability to transfer this calibration to other on-orbit assets Nominal 1-year mission life plus 1-year science data analysis. Targeted for launch to International Space Station in late 2023. High accuracy SI-Traceable Calibration CLARREO Pathfinder achieves an unprecedented factor of 5-10 decrease in radiometric uncertainty Instrument Intercalibration CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 4
Key Attributes Spectral range 350 2300 nm Spectral resolution 6 nm resolution (3 nm sampling) Spatial sampling Cross track and along track: 0.5 km at nadir Swath width: 70 km Radiometric accuracy of reflectance measurement Spectrally resolved: 0.3% Uncertainty Spectrally integrated: 0.3% Uncertainty Polarization Sensitivity Less than 1% (350-1800 nm), less than 2% (1800-2300 nm) CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 5
Science Observations LEO Inter-calibrations: co-aligned, coincident observations with VIIRS and CERES 1-5 minutes duration GEO Inter-calibrations: co-aligned, coincident observations with a GEO instrument (GOES ABI) 5 minutes duration Lunar Images: various phase angles and various libration angles 1 min minute duration Nadir Scans: compensate for ISS base motion Remaining daylit orbit time when not calibrating Requirement is to be able to support one intercalibration operation per orbit CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 6
Calibration-Validation Observations Solar Irradiance Scan fundamental to measurement technique 6 minutes, when Sun is available Dark Images blank aperture, prior to and after every (science and calibration) observation type Flat Field Scans Sun target, large aperture (diffuser) and small aperture Spectral Calibration PenRay lamp (no external target) Aperture Ratio Scans Sun target with small and intermediate apertures, and Moon target with intermediate and large apertures Camera Response Linearity Check Sun target, diffuser and small aperture Optics Degradation Check looks for potential solar-induced damage to the optics Cold Sky Images looks for thermal input from blank aperture (i.e., from dark images) CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 7
CLARREO Pathfinder Science Applications Mission Objectives: 1. Demonstrate on orbit, SI-Traceable calibration of measured scene spectral reflectance with improved accuracy 2. Demonstrate on orbit reference inter-calibration of other key satellite sensors across the reflected solar spectrum (350-2300 nm). Other Science applications: 1. Energy budget and closure; AOS Pathfinder (G. Stephens) 2. Cloud remote sensing (O. Coddington) 3. Aerosol remote sensing (J. Wang) 4. Climate benchmarking and attribution 5. Testing climate models (D. Feldman) Primary motivation of Goody et al. (1997) CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 8
Aerosol, Cloud, Convection and Precipitation (ACCP) Atmospheric Observing System (AOS) Libera, CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 9
Vertically Resolved Retrieval of Cloud Droplet re King and Vaughan (2012), J. Geophys. Res., 117, D15206, doi:10.1029/2012JD017896. CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 10
Hyperspectral Retrieval of Aerosol AVIRIS-NG in India Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer https://aviris-ng.jpl.nasa.gov/science.html; William Putman, NASA/Goddard Noise Model 300 000 radiance spectra Radiance [mW/cm2/sr/nm] Carbon Sulfate Dust Water Vapor Solar Zenith Angle Ground Elevation Surface Reflectance Wavelength [nm] Mauceri, S. et al. (2019) , Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 2019, pp. 1 31. doi: 10.5194/amt-2019-228. CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 11
Summary CLARREO Pathfinder has the most advanced combination of spectral coverage, spectral resolution, spatial resolution and radiometric accuracy for addressing climate monitoring from space in the shortwave spectral domain. Primary CPF objectives are to: Demonstrate high accuracy reflected shortwave measurements using direct calibration from Sun. Transfer calibration to other on-orbit sensors Many other science applications are possible with CPF data; one of the motivations of this workshop is to make the community familiar with the attributes of CPF data start thinking about your applications. CLARREO Pathfinder Science Workshop 2-3 November 2021 Pilewskie - 12
