Climate Change, COVID-19, and Equity
Explore the critical topics of climate change, COVID-19, and equity through the lens of health disparities, social determinants, and the impact on communities. This insightful content delves into the interconnected challenges facing our world today.
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CLIMATE CHANGE, COVID-19 and EQUITY Doris Browne, MD, MPH 118th President, National Medical Association Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health May 18, 2020
FACULTY DISCLOSURE In compliance with ACCME Guidelines, I hereby declare: I do not have financial or other relationships with the manufacturer(s) of any commercial services(s) discussed in this educational activity.
OVERVIEW Climate Change, Health & Disparities Demographics Extreme Heat, Flooding State of the Air Social Determinants of Health Environmental Justice Mental Health Advocacy/Activism; training and mentoring
Health, Economic and Social Impact of Covid-19 and Climate Change Floods, Hurricanes Heat Events, Wildfires Allergies Loss of income Redlining Emerging Infectious Diseases Pandemics Death
This scanning electron microscope image shows SARS-CoV-2 (round magenta objects), also known as COVID-19, emerging from the surface of cells cultured in the lab. Image: NIAID-RML
COVID-19 RISK FACTOR & DEMOGRAPHICS Age/Gender Race/Ethnicity Chronic Diseases Polluted Neighborhood Essential Worker Underinsured & Uninsured Healthcare Access
RACE/ETHNICITY DEMOGRAPHICS STATE TOTAL CASES DEATHS / % NY 338,617 27,448 28% NJ 141,560 9,702 MA 80,497 5,315 IL 84,698 3,792 72% CA 71,141 2,934 PA 58,698 3,943 MI 48,391 4,714 40% FL 42,402 1,827 TX 42,403 1,158 CT 34,855 3,125 MD 35,903 1,866 LA 32,728 2,381 DEATHS AA % LATINX DEATH 34% % POP POPULTION 22% 29% 14% CDC 5/14/20. U.S. Total cases - 1,411,002 and 86,571 Deaths. AA -27%; Asian - 5%; AI/AN - 1.2%; Hispanic - 28%; NH/PI- 0.3%; W -52%; Multi - 14%
U.S HOSPITALIZATIONS Overall 0-4 years 5-17 years 18-49 years 50-64 years 65+ years Covid-NET Data N (%) N (%) 13 (27.7) N (%) 29 (52.7) N (%) N (%) N (%) Cases with available race 6,624 (40.6) 1,451 (38.5) 1,959 (40.0) 3,172 (42.0) Non-Hispanic White 2,682 (40.5) 5 (38.5) 5 (17.2) 321 (22.1) 647 (33.0) 1,704 (53.7) Non-Hispanic Black 2,436 (36.8) 2 (15.4) 10 (34.5) 567 (39.1) 819 (41.8) 1,038 (32.7) Hispanic 827 (12.5) 4 (30.8) 11 (37.9) 373 (25.7) 267 (13.6) 172 (5.4) 1 Other 679 (10.3) 2 (15.4) 3 (10.3) 190 (13.1) 226 (11.5) 258 (8.1) Cases missing race 9,694 (59.4) 34 (72.3) 26 (47.3) 2,319 (61.5) 2,935 (60.0) 4,380 (58.0) 2
Evidence of Climate Change comes from many different sources.
CLEAN AIR ACT TOP 6 MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS* Particulate Matter Ozone Sulfur dioxide Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen dioxide Lead *Regulated based on health effects in sensitive populations
AIR POLLUTION AND COVID-19 MORTALITIES Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality Yaron Ogen The Department of Remote Sensing and Cartography, Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, Room: H4 2.23, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)06120, Germany Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138605 Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? Edoardo Conticini a, Bruno Frediani a, Dario Caro b, * a Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, viale Mario Bracci 1, Siena, Italy b Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark. Environmental Pollution, in press
Covid Mortality Exacerbated by PM2.5 Study on Current Smokers and COPD with Covid-19 Meta-analysis of 15 studies with COVID-19 (n= 2,473) COPD - higher risk of more severe disease (risk of severity = 63%) vs patients without COPD (33.4%), Higher mortality risk for COPD vs those without COPD (60% vs 55%) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0233147 SOURCE: PLOS One. London Study Effects of term exposure to PM and Covid on mortality Small increase exposure to PM2.5 leads to large increase in COVID-19 death rate Magnitude of increase 20 times that observed for PM2.5 and all cause mortality Pre-existing conditions for Covid-19 are the same as for PM2.5 exposure Xiao Wu, Rachel C. Nethery, et.al. Harvard Chan School of PH. US Study
Characteristics for the Study Cohort Exclude NY State (3018 counties) Exclude County < 10 Cases (1047 counties) 6,968 Variable Entire Cohort (3080 counties) 4,662 Number of deaths Number of hospital beds PM2.5 ( g/m3) (SD, standard deviation) % Ever smoked Mean BMI (kg/m2) % Hispanic % Black % older than 65 year-old 7,054 770,716 706,051 827,799 8.4 (2.5) 8.4 (2.5) 9.5 (2.3) 47.0 (9.2) 28.1 (1.3) 7.7 (12.3) 8.2 (14.2) 15.9 (4.1) 47.0 (9.2) 28.1 (1.3) 7.7 (12.4) 8.3 (14.3) 16.0 (4.1) 45.9 (8.0) 27.9 (1.1) 8.6 (11.3) 12.1 (15.4) 13.7 (3.6) Xaio Wu, Rachel C. Nethery, et.al. Harvard Chan School of PH. US Study
Does Air Pollution increase the severity of health outcomes? NO2 exposure causes many health problems Hypertension Diabetes Heart and cardiovascular Death PM2.5 and Ozone causes ARDS Important to enforce existing AP regulations to protect human health now and into the future
FACTORS INFLUENCING POOR HEALTH OUTCOMES FROM COVID Age /Gender: over 60/ males Race/Ethnicity: African American/ Latino Pre-existing Conditions: HTN, DM, CVD, cerebrovasc Associated inflammatory response Mortality: High - AA 33% - 13% pop. Hispanic 8% - 14 % pop
Health, Economic and Social Impact Covid 19 Pandemic requires action NOW to mitigate climate changes Prepare for future impacts: Extreme heat Storms Floods Fires (and their accompanying health harms) Changing transmission of mosquito and tick-borne diseases Food and clean drinking water supply
WHAT CAN YOU DO? Admit that climate change is everyone s problem. No agency, government, or scientist can fix it for us. We are all in this together We got here because of our lifestyle, so our lifestyle has to change Conserve heat and cooling; electricity Conserve hot water, 17% of energy is used to heat water in the average home Conserve in our cars, use less gas Reduce waste Maintain Covid-19 prevention recommendations
Climate, Health Equity and Covid 19 Greatest public health challenge of the 21st century - Climate change Action to reduce climate change can improve health Equity must be central to climate action Make health integral to climate policymaking Vision is for healthy people in healthy places on a healthy planet
TAKE HOME MESSAGE The impact of climate change on air quality has significant respiratory health consequences Scientific evidence has informed policy that has led to pollution reduction Improved air quality has proven health benefits Reduction of motor vehicle and industrial emissions through regulation and adoption of low emission vehicles and clean power sources are needed to protect our air Stay home, social distancing, wear masks, wash hands
CARE FOR THE PLANET LIKE OUR HEALTH DEPENDS ON IT
Theres no place like home and there may never be again. Do your part. Stay home
Thank You Thank You
