Clock Signal Distribution and Optimization in Digital Systems
Explore the complexities of clock signal distribution in digital systems, addressing challenges like propagation delay, clock skew, and crosstalk. Learn about techniques and circuits used to enhance clock signal routing efficiency and improve system performance.
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Presentation Transcript
1 11. Clock distribution
2 Properties of clock signals Clock signals toggle faster than any other signals in a digital system. Clock signal lines are heavily loaded. Clocks connect to every flip-flop in a system, while individual data wires fan out to only a few devices each. This chapter will cover clock drivers special clock routing rules peculiar circuits used to improve the distribution of clock signals.
3 11.1 Timing margin Propagation delay As we raise the clock frequency, the circuit emits the same output pattern until at some high frequency the circuit fails. The failure is due to a lack of setup time for flip-flop 2.
5 11.2 Clock skew Clock skew
6 11.3 Using low impedance driver
8 11.4 Using low impedance clock distribution lines
10 11.5 Source termination of multiple clock lines
12 11.6 Controlling crosstalk on clock lines
13 11.7 Delay adjustments
17 11.9 Clock signal duty cycle Clock recovery scheme (1) Inverts clock signal at every stage. (2) Duty ratio adjustment circuit
19 11.10 Canceling parasitic cap. of a clock repeater
21 11.11 Decoupling clock receivers from the clock bus
22 6 6 5 5 4 4 Vout2, V Vout2, V Vout, V Vout, V 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 time, usec time, usec
