Discover a comprehensive overview of community development strategies, skills, and major approaches essential for fostering social change and promoting well-being. Explore the diverse methods, from individualistic to collectivist strategies, as well as the importance of resident-led and government-led initiatives in community development. Gain insights into the knowledge, competencies, and resources needed to drive positive change in communities effectively.
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Skills/Knowledge/Competencies Listening Building relationships Friendly Social Encouragement Needs Assessment Review of Literature Research Facilitation Social work theories Respect to each values and opinions Create opportunities for dialogue
Knowledgeable about resources available Believe in equality and democratic process Community mobilization Planning /Actions plan/strategic development Project implementation Advocacy knowledge- methods/tactics Knowledge on politics Event coordination/organization Report writing Presentation
Major strategies In terms of activities: Midgley (1993)- Social Development is a process f planned social change designed to promote the well-being of the population as a whole in conjunction with a dynamic process of economic development (P. 25). Are needed to align economic and social development. Individualistic strategies: helping people to become self- reliant and independent- not necessarily self interested. Education and training etc. (people with mental illness, issue based communities etc.)
Collectivist Strategist: Assumptions are- People in existing social groups can organize themselves to meet thie needs and address their issues and gain control over resources. In this strategy, shared responsibility/shared wish for improvement .murals, graffiti, acting, community clean up, community photography etc .. Government Strategies ( Statist approach) .large scale social planning, mobilize considerable resources, campaign for social improvements, effective and coherent plans .legislative change .
Pandey (1981) ( In terms of Purposes) Distributive strategies- to improve social equity between groups nationally Participative Strategies- to make structural and institutional reforms to involve people in social change Human development: to increase the skills and capacity for people to act themselves in improving the economy and institutional development of their area
Approaches Residents- Led Community Development Agencies Led Community Development Government Led Community Development
Ruthman Models Ruthman 2001- deveolps three community practice models: ( these models are overlap and interrelated to each other) Locality Development: process oriented and building relationships community capacity and integration through self-help, collaborative efforts, inform policies Focus on consensus rather than confrontation Social Plan/Policy: task oriented confront substantive community issues--- engage participants in interactions, empowering people, inform people about the services and political ideology as experts without political bias .
Cont Social Action: combination of process and task oriented This is based on Conflict, Power Dependency and Recourse Mobilizations Theory Communities seek to shift power relationships and resources for systemic change Beneficiaries- victims Empowerment achieved Confrontation Recommendation by Nettinf et.al(20004) when other approaches have failed to be effective then use this approach
Mondros and Wilson (1994): Grassroots practice Lobbying practice Mobilizing practice Wei and Gamble (1995): Neihgbourhood and community organizing Organizing functional communities Community social and economic development Program development and community liaison Political and social actions Coalitions Social Movements No single or right way to catogorize odels, srategies and tactice in community development
