CONJUNCTIVITIS
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, known as pink eye, has various causes including viral, bacterial, allergic, and chemical factors. Symptoms include redness, swelling, watering, and itchiness. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing this common eye condition.
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Presentation Transcript
CONJUNCTIVITIS Also known as pink eye
Inflammation of the conjunctiva (outermost layer of the eye and inner surface of the eyelids)
Classification Based on cause Viral conjunctivitis adenovirus Herpetic keratoconjuctivitis is caused by HSV Bacterial conjunctivitis staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, heamophilus influenzae, chlamydia trachomatis Allergic conjunctivitis - pollen, perfumes, cosmetics, smoke, dust chemical conjunctivitis - acid or alkali's Neonatal conjunctivitis Autoimmune
Neotrombicula autumnalis conjunctivitis induced by a trombiculid mite reported in 2013
Based on extent of involvement Blepharoconjunctivitis inflammation of conjunctiva with blepharitis Keratoconjunctivitis inflammation of conjunctiva with keratitis
Signs and symptoms General symptoms Red eye hyperemia Swelling of conjunctiva chemosis Watering epiphora Pupils and visual acuity will be normal
Viral Associated with infection of upper respiratory tract infection Excessive watering and itching, foreign body sensation and mild photophobia The secretions are clear and thin Infection starts in one eye and easily spread to other Diffuse pinkness over the conjunctiva
Allergic Redness (due to vasodilatation of the peripheral small blood vessels) Oedema, itching and increased lacrimation If it is combined with rhinitis condition termed as allergic rhinoconjucntivitis Symptoms occurs due to the release of histamine.
Rapid onset of redness, swelling of the eyelid Mucopurulent discharge opaque, greyish or yellowish color Develop in one eye and spread to other within 2 -5 days Severe crusting of the infected eye and the surrounding skin Scratchy eye Bacterial
Chemical Burning sensation, marked redness, sloughing, necrosis of conjunctiva Conjunctivitis of new born acute purulent discharge and irritation - self healing
Diagnosis History collection Physical examination Culture of secretions Conjunctival scrapes for cytology (rarely done) detecting chlamydial and fungal infections Conjunctival incisional biopsy
Management 65% of cases resolves without treatment.
Viral Does not require any specific treatment. Antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers help to relive symptoms Allergic Cool water poured over the face Artificial tears NSAIDS and antihistamines
Bacterial Topical antibiotics Fluoroquinolones, sodium sulfacetamide or trimethoprim for 7 to 10 days Chemical irrigation with ringer lactate or NS
