Decadal Variation of Longwave Downwelling Surface Radiation

This study explores the decadal variation of longwave downwelling surface radiation and its impact on net radiation using measurements from BSRN pyrgeometers at various surface locations worldwide. The findings provide insights into changes in radiation patterns and their implications for climate research.

• Decadal variation
• Longwave radiation
• Surface measurements
• Net radiation
• BSRN

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1. 18th BSRN Scientific Review and Workshop Decadal variation of longwave downwelling surface radiation and its effect on net radiation: Based on BSRN pyrgeometer measurements at the surface. Atsumu Ohmura Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ) Universit tstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland atsumu.ohmura@env.ethz.ch

2. Monthly mean Carbon dioxide concentration, Mauna Loa Global mean temperature: HadCRUT5 440 1.2 430 1.0 GHGs CO2 CH4 O3 N2O H2O 420 0.8 410 400 Deviation from 1961-1990 mean in C 0.6 390 ? 0.4 380 ppm 370 0.2 360 0.0 350 -0.2 340 330 -0.4 320 -0.6 310 300 -0.8 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 Monthly mean 13 months running mean Annual mean 5 years running mean

3. Longwave sites

4. 3 Examples BSRN

5. Stations Wm-2 a-1 K a-1 mean Ld mean T period Instruments and Remarks Observed changes 0.496 0.120 257 -3.9 1993-2022 Eppley PIR Ny lesund, Svalbard (78 56'N, 11m) 0.107 0.041 167 -28.1 2000-2006 Eppley PIR/Kipp CG4 Summit, Greenland (72 35'N, 3231 m) 0.474 0.113 243 -10.3 1994-2022 Eppley PIR/ 2018 missing Barrow, Alaska (71 19'N, 8 m) Hamburg, Germany (53 29'N, 35 m) 0.231 0.015 320 8.5 1954-1980 home-made pyrradiometer 0.327 0.063 314 10.0 1994-2022 Kipp CG4 Lindenberg, Germany (52 31'N, 84 m) 0.028 -0.016 278 5.8 2006-2022 Eppley PIR Fort Peck, Montana (48 18'N, 634 m) 0.247 0.074 248 -5.8 2015-2022 Kipp CG4 Sonnblick, Austria (47 03'N, 3114 m) 0.170 0.062 290 14.0 1993-2022 Eppley PIR/Kipp CG4 Payerne, Switzerland (46 49', 491 m) 0.157 0.042 278 4.0 1996-2022 Kipp CG4 Davos, Switzerland (46 49', 1594 m) 0.444 0.097 223 -6.5 2009-2022 Kipp CG4 Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (46 33'N, 3580 m) 0.185 0.058 301 10.1 2003-2022 Eppley PIR Kishinev, Moldavia (46 56'N, 122 m) Sioux Falls, South Dakota (43 N, 473 m) 0.055 0.000 302 7.8 2004-2022 Eppley PIR Penn. State Univ., Pennsylvania(40 43'N, 376 m) 0.286 0.057 317 10.2 1999-2022 Eppley PIR Boulder Table Mt. Colorado (40 07'N, 1689 m) 0.189 0.027 288 11.6 1996-2022 Eppley PIR 0.167 0.013 318 11.3 1995-2022 Eppley PIR Bondville, Illinois (40 03' N, 230 m) 0.320 0.055 300 18.7 1999-2022 Eppley PIR Desert Rock, Nevada (36 37'N, 1007 m) 0.339 0.051 339 14.0 1980-2022 Kipp CG4 Tateno, Japan (36 03' N, 25 m) Goodwin Creek, Mississippi (34. 15'N, 98 m) 0.162 -0.005 347 16.7 1995-2022 Eppley PIR 0.014 -0.011 422 27.8 1993-2017 Eppley PIR Kwajalein, Marshall Is. (8 43'N, 10 m) 0.169 0.002 218 -10.5 1994-2021 Kipp CG4 Syowa Base, Antarctic (69 00'S, 18 m) 0.059 -0.019 217 -16.0 1998-2021 Eppley PIR Neumayer, Antarctic (70 39'S, 42 m) Amendsen-Scott (90 S, 2800 m) 0.094 0.008 113 -49.2 1994-2021 Eppley PIR/ 2017,18,19 missing

6. Relationship between the annual rates of change of longwave downwelling radiation and temperature

7. Longwave down Longwave up Net Shortwave in Shortwave out Net Net Unit is in Wm-2/a, except for Albedo longwave Albedo shortwave radiation Period Remarks/Instruments Eppley PIR, PSP/Kipp CG4, CM11 0.494 0.448 0.046 -0.125 -0.414 -0.0048 0.289 0.3351993-2022 Ny lesund, Svalbard (78 56'N, 11m) 0.513 0.316 0.197 -0.072 -0.669 -0.0066 0.597 0.7981994-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP, 2018 missing Barrow, Alaska (71 19'N, 8 m) 0.136 -0.032 0.410 0.140 -0.202 -0.0022 0.349 0.5082006-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP Fort Peck, Montana (48 18'N, 634 m) Eppley PIR, PSP/Kipp CG4, CM21 0.170 0.333 -0.163 1.048 0.330 -0.0008 0.718 0.4151993-2023 Payerne, Switzerland (46 49', 491 m) 0.640 0.302 0.338 0.358 -0.331 -0.0006 0.689 0.9621996-2022 Kipp CG4, CM21 Davos, Switzerland (46 49', 1594 m) Sioux Falls, South Dakota (43 N, 473 m) Penn. State Univ., Pennsylvania(40 43'N, 376 m) 0.048 0.142 0.189 -0.105 -0.082 -0.0003 0.017 0.1882004-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP 0.284 0.116 0.174 -0.020 0.007 0.0000 -0.024 0.1481999-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP Boulder Table Mountain, Colorado (40 07'N, 1689 m) 0.189 0.044 0.145 0.262 0.295 0.0012 -0.035 0.1111996-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP 0.167 0.171 -0.004 0.256 0.246 -0.0003 0.246 0.2401995-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP Bondville, Illinois (40 03' N, 230 m) 0.977 0.806 0.176 0.095 0.043 0.0001 0.049 0.2191999-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP Desert Rock, Nevada (36 37'N, 1007 m) 0.176 -0.191 0.367 0.438 0.440 0.0022 -0.002 0.4111997-2021 Kipp CG4, CM21 Tateno, Japan (36 03' N, 25 m) Goodwin Creek, Mississippi (34. 15'N, 98 m) 0.161 -0.036 0.209 0.230 0.037 0.0000 0.211 0.3861995-2022 Eppley PIR, PSP 0.169 -0.057 0.226 -0.125 -0.160 -0.0005 0.035 0.1471998-2021 Kipp CG4, CM21 Syowa Base, Antarctic (69 00'S, 18 m) 0.059 -0.048 0.107 -0.010 0.038 0.0003 -0.047 0.0591998-2021 Eppley PIR, PSP Neumayer, Antarctic (70 39'S, 42 m) Eppley PIR, PSP, 2017-2019 missing Amendsen-Scott, South-Pole (90 S, 2800 m) 0.102 0.008 0.094 -0.237 0.106 0.0024 -0.343 -0.2491994-2021 Annual changes in net radiation and its components : Unit is Wm-2/a, except for the albedo.

8. Decadal variations in solar and longwave radiation, total incoming radiation, air temperature, and the temperature sensitivity by radiation changes. Units are W m-2/decade for irradiance, K/decade for temperature, and K/W m-2 for the sensitivity (T/R). Total incoming radiation Temperature change Shortwave in Longwave in T/R 1955-1985 1.0 -2.5 -1.5 -0.09 0.060 1986-2005 2.5 4.1 6.6 0.206 0.053 1998-2022 2.86 1.42 4.28 0.197 0.046