Decoding the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)

Strategic location and vast untapped resources have made the Indo-Pacific a crucial region in global geopolitics, accounting for a significant portion of GDP and world exports. Explore its features, governance systems, key dimensions, challenges, and the concept of FOIP pioneered by Japan, focusing on ASEAN centrality, economic liberalization, rule-based governance, connectivity, and security.

• Indo-Pacific
• FOIP
• geopolitics
• global economy

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1. Tcharticles Analysis 1 t.charticles@gmail.com www.tcharticles.com Decoding The Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP).

2. 2 Tcharticles Analysis 2 Index 1. Features Of Indo-pacific: Geographical Features & Geo Political Features. Page No.3 2. Fundamental Concept: Origin & Meaning. Page No.4 3. Fundamental Purposes. Page No.5 Geopolitical Purpose. Page No.6 Economy Purpose. Page No.7 Sustainaiblity Purpose. Page No.8 4. Key Dimensions. Economy. Page No.9 Page No.10 Connectivity. Page No.11 Governance. Page No.12 Security. Page No.13,14 5. Key Engagement Initiatives In Past Ten Years. Page No.15,16 6. Major Challenges. Increased Strategic Competition Might Lead / Unstable Indo-pacific. Page No.17 Different Priorities Of All States. Page No.18 Risk of Natural Disasters. Page No.19 Corruption. Page No.20 7. Abbreviations. Page No.21 8. List Of Sources. Page No.22,23,24,25,26,27,28

3. Tcharticles Analysis 3 3 Strategic location, availability of vast untapped natural resources have brought Indo-pacific region at the center of world geo- politics; Accounting 62% to global GDP & 40% of the world exports, the region is a prime hub for global economic growth. Features of Indo-Pacific Features of Indo-Pacific Geo-Political Features Geographical Features States/Countries: Atleast 40 Countries: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal xxx,xxx,xxxxxx,xxxxxxxx,xxxxxx, Xxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, System of Governance: Oceans: Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx). Landmass: xxxxxx of world surface area . Population: xxxxxxxxxpeople (xxxxxxxxxx) Pacific and Indian Oceans (Covers Indian Ocean,xxxxx, xxxxxx,, xxxxxxxx International Trade: Accounts for xxxxx of world GDP xxxxxxof the world s merchandise trade,. xxxxxxxxxbarrels of crude oil pass through the area every year. xxxxxxxxxof the world's exports come from the area. Maritime Trade : Important sea lanes such as the maritime trade routes via the northern Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait. Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 9 out of 10 xxxxx,xxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxx About xxxxxxxof the world s maritime trade goes through the region, of which xxxxxxd pass through the South China Sea. Major security threats/Maritime Disputes; About 40 sea-related disputes among regional countries, xxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxx O /////////// Mineral Resources: Offshore hydrocarbons, xxxxxxxx, zxxxxxxxxxx, seabed minerals, rare earth metals, etc. (Rich in different types of mineral resources such as polymetallic nodules, cobalt, and ferromanganese-rich crusts, rare earth elements, calcareous and siliceous oozes, and various liquid and gaseous substances such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, and other minerals.) Bio diversity: 1/3rdof the World's highest species richness found in Military : Top xxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx Sources:

4. Tcharticles Analysis 4 The concept of FOIP was first envisioned by Japan. The FOIP as evolved till now, revolves around ASEAN centrality, economic liberalization, rule based governance, connectivity & security throughout the region. Fundamental Concept Fundamental Concept Origin Meaning The vision for Free & open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) was 1st promulgated by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe in his his keynote address at TICAD VI held in Kenya, on August 27, 2016. Quoting the words of PM Abe introducing the concept of Free & Open Indo-Pacific Vision : - 1. The expanse: From the eastern 1. 2. 2. Key Dimensions: FOIP ,as evolved as of now, mainly revolves around 4 dimensions viz; economy, propagates free market economy for region s prosperity, rule based governance , security which covers broad range of areas such as territorial sovereignty, free & open seas specially security of key sea trade routes, food security, energy security, health security & so on & connectivity focusing on infrastructure development for uninterrupted supply chains & free markets . 3. The concept talks about two continents, xxxxxxxx & way of xxxxxxxx of the oceans. It xxxxxxxx Asia & Africa as two continents of huge growth potential. Two oceans, Free and open Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans are considered key for stability and prosperity in the continents . Therefore it 3. Key Objective: Aimed 4. Key Features: Maritime Security co-operation (The key to peace, stability, and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region is free and open seas), ASEAN Centrality, rulemaking through dialogue, Sources:

5. Tcharticles Analysis 5 Countering China s growing dominance in the region, establishment of liberal trade practices based on international rule of law & addressing issues of common concern such as natural disasters, piracy, IUU fishing, climate change, corruption, security etc. are key motives of FOIP. Fundamental Purposes. Fundamental Purposes. 1. 2. 3. Geo-political Purpose. Economy Purpose. Sustainability Purpose . Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, ,xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Source:

6. Tcharticles Analysis 6 Countering China led BRI, its economic coercion & trade distorting practices as well as its rapid militarization in the region are chief geopolitical purposes of FOIP. Geo-political Purpose: xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx To counter militarization in the region by China & ensure open navigation. Geo-political Purpose: To counter China s growing influence & dominance in indo-pacific xxxxxxxxxx . Reducing Economic Dependence on China. Alternative To China s Belt & Road Initiative. The region is intricately intertwined with China for trade China xxxxxxxxxx , Latin America through physical infrastructure. Under xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx is thexxxxxxxxxxxxx,xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Increased military presence, South China territorial Disputes & Sovereign Claims by China. Alleged to be funding deep port facility project in Cambodia . Seeking to expand its China s sovereign claims & territorial disputes with Vietnam, This asset acquisitions strategy undermining state sovereignty . pose threat to free, open & peaceful navigation in the region. China claiming land in the South China Sea by physically increasing the size of islands or creating new Most of these projects are strategically located & which can give china assess As South China Sea accounts for at least 1/3rd of global maritime trade, . . Sources:

7. Tcharticles Analysis 7 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Economy Purpose:xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. To xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx Interconnected xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx trading system can help countries to be more economically resilient to shocks by regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx countries The xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2/3rd of xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Indo-Pacific regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Trade is an xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Since 1990, trade has increased xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx incomesxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx Trade led xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx suffers if its markets are not connected. Many of the world s poorest people live in places that are landlocked, remote or otherwise ill-served by international trade links. xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Trade is linked to higher female xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . Consumers in economies open regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Gradually eliminating non trade barriers & import tariffs would regionxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx With a 46-% share in world xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 1. 2. 3. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/overview#2 https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/wtr21_e/00_wtr21_e.pdf https://www.orfonline.org/research/security-economy-and-ecology/ Sources:

8. 8 Tcharticles Analysis Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxTo Counter Issues Of Common Concern. In 2022, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Natural Disasters xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx, In 2022, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Cyber threats Piracy xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx The xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Territorial Security xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx, The Indo-Pacific is home to xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Free & open indoxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Sources:.

9. Tcharticles Analysis 9 Connectivity, Economy, Security & Governance are key dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific. Dimensions Of FOIP Economy Key Governance Connectivity Dimensions Security Source:.

10. Tcharticles Analysis 10 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx Dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific- Economy. Aims / Strategic Ways Strategic Means Strategic Ends Obey xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Maintain the WTO rules as a foundation, Participate in IMF ,WB, UN and other institutes of global governance. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx Economic xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Participation in IPEF, ASEAN, QUAD & son on To . To To xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Promote xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Investments in innovation, science, technology, startups, digitization , decarbonization & infrastructure etc. Building xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Improvement in resources development, transportation, and industry-related infrastructure , participation in international organizations for diversification of supply, strengthening mutual cooperation to address economic coercion, strengthening supply chains for critical commodities such as semiconductors and critical minerals, including through support and collaboration with companies, data sharing and collaboration across companies, promoting of public finance options. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx Promote Fair economy. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Promote Clean economy. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Promotion of Responsible Business Conduct. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Promotion of Blue Economy. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx Sources:

11. Tcharticles Analysis 11 Physical infrastructure development, digital connectivity, improvement in communication infrastructure & enhancement of people & knowledge connectivity etc. are key pillars of Connectivity under FOIP. Dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific - Connectivity. Aims / Strategic Ways Strategic Means Strategic Ends Development, operation and maintenance of infrastructure that can contribute to improvement in regional connectivity. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Encourage digital connectivity across indo- pacific. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx / To increase human. Improvement in communications infrastructure . 5G xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Enhancement Connectivity. in people & Knowledge xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:

12. Tcharticles Analysis 12 FOIP aims to achieve establishment & defending of rule of law, maintaining FOIP where seas, skies & others shared domains are lawfully governed & maintain international environment where states make their own sovereign choices, consistent with their obligations to international law . Dimensions of Free & Open Indo-Pacific- Governance. Aims / Strategic Ways Strategic Means Strategic Ends . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx EstablMaintain xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Advance a free and open Indo-Pacific. . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx .. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:

13. 13 Tcharticles Analysis Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Dimensions Of Free & Open Indo-pacific- Security [Chart 1/2 ] Aims / Strategic Ends: Strategic Ways Strategic Means: Create measures in the domain of cyber security, build support for an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure internet. awareness of and confidence-building Engagement in defense cooperation projects Co-operation projects such as vessel maintenance cooperation project, co-operation among coast guards for joint drills & xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Expand Promotion of safe use of the air by promoting air domain awareness Knowledge sharing related to air domain awareness; exchanges related to warning and surveillance, high-level and working-level exchanges between Air Force branches; initiatives for air decarbonization, wider use of SAF, etc.; establishment and promotion of a system of cooperation among the aviation authorities in new technologies such as aviation control, airport technology, drones, and flying cars etc. International co-operation & collaboration to combat terrorism, violent extremism & trafficking & prevention of the exploitation of new and emerging technologies Sources:

14. 14 Tcharticles Analysis Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxx xx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Dimensions Of Free & Open Indo-pacific- Security [Chart 2/2] Aims / Strategic Ends: Strategic Ways Strategic Means: For Food security, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Cooperation in disaster reduction in the Indo-Pacific region. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx Expand For health security, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Participation in bilateral , multilateral co-operation & engagements through information sharing ,need assessment for xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Securing blue economy by xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:

15. 15 Tcharticles Analysis QUAD, IPEF, AKUS, IPMDA, are important major multilateral engagement initiatives among Indo-pacific states which are aimed towards increasing connectivity, security, economic growth & governance. Major Engagement Initiatives In Past 10 Years [ Chart 1/2 ] Sr. No Country Major Engagement Initiative/ Participation In Key Focus Areas (Economy, Governance, Security, Connectivity) 1. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Australia xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2. India SAGAR Initiative, Act East Policy, Project Sagarmala, Project Mausam, Participation in QUAD, IPEF, BIMSTEC and Mekong-Ganga Economic Corridor , Forum for India-Pacific Islands cooperation(FIPIC), Digital India Inititative, IPOI, Participated in Combined Maritime Forces (CMF) as an associate partner(2022), IORA s Outlook on the Indo-Pacific, IN EUNAVFOR Joint Naval Exercice, B came member of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in June 2016, Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) in December 2017 and the Australia Group (AG) in January 2018, Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA). International 3. USA xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Japan xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 4. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources

16. Tcharticles Analysis 16 EU-ASEAN Comprehensive Air Transport Agreement, Chip 4 Semiconductor Alliance, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Compact , Combined Task Force Excercises are major engagement initiatives that focus on key dimensions of Indo- pacific. Major Engagement Initiatives In Past 10 Years [ Chart 2/2 ] Sr. No Country Major Engagement Initiative/ Participation In Key Focus Areas (Economy, Governance, Security, Connectivity) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5. European Union (EU) International xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 6. Indonesia xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 7. Republic of Korea xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 8. Singapore Sources:.

17. 17 Tcharticles Analysis USA & China are major powers with conflicting ideologies have strong military capabilities & defense networks in the region. Power competition between them can lead to creation of unstable Indo-pacific. Major Challenges: Increased Strategic Competition Might Lead To Unstable Indo-pacific. Regional Defense Capabilities Asian Military Posture Regional Military Alliances. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx China deployed its military capabilities more assertively, in the South xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Sea, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx its border with xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx , near median xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx of the Taiwan. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx China s xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Territorial dxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx States Number of alliances Top partner countries xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx USA Rank - / Score - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx China Rank - / Score - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Regional Defense Capabilities Joint Training (Allies) Joint Training (Non-allies) Defense Dialogues Long-range Maritime Force Projection xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx States xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx USA xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx China xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:

18. 18 Tcharticles Analysis Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx Major Challenges: Different Priorities Of All States. Economic Relationships Xxxxxx xxxxx Primary Trade Partner: Number Of Countries In Which State Is The Primary Regional Trading Partner (2020) Economic Diplomacy Regional Investment Ties States Foreign Investment In Indo-pacifc Region Primary Foreign Investor Regional FTAs Foreign Assistance (Regional) xxxx 10% China xxxxxx 90% USA Major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Developed xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx such as USA & Japan propagates democracy, human rights & containment of China as core to free & open Indo-pacific while India advocates issue based multi alignment policy. ASEAN countries have adopted inclusivity , supporting close co-operation with both China &USA . Differing xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:

19. Tcharticles Analysis 19 Asia-Pacific is the most disaster-prone region in the world. Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Major Challenges:xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx 3, 3 major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (45xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx People xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx East xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx 3 major xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx Total xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Thexxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Thexxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx High temperatures xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx Climxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx It has been observed that xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Effective implementation xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:

20. Tcharticles Analysis 20 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Major Challenges: Corruption Politicians are seen to be the most corrupt. Corruption xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Climate xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Political elites xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx by law rather than rule of law meaning the use of anti-corruption frameworks to prosecute opposition leaders and crack down on civil society organizations.(ex- India. Use of government agencies by ruling party to suppress opposition voices.) Diverse legal frameworks for governing money in politics. Asia xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Digitalization of politics makes xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Bribery of foreign public officials by multinational companies, company employees, agents and facilitators lead to ExportingCorruption . Foreign bribery transactions xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Involvement of financial xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx States have serious inadequacies xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Countries such as China ,Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Hongkong, India xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx In India, there is xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Tackling Corruption: The Political Declaration of the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sources:1.IDEA, 2.Transparency International, 3.Brookings, 4.ORF, .

21. Tcharticles Analysis 21 Abbreviations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. ADB Asian Development Bank AKUS - Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AU - Australia Bln - Billion BRI Belt & Road Initiative. CEEW - Council on Energy, Environment and Water CEPS - Centre for European Policy Studies. CFR - Council on Foreign Relations DFAT - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DoS - Department Of State. DPG - Delhi Policy Group. EM-DAT- Emergency event database Etc. - Et Cetera EuroParl European Parliament FOIP - Free & Open Indo-Pacific. FTA Free Trade Agreements. GDP - Gross Domestic Product. GFP - Gobal Fire Power. GREENFDC - Green Finance & Development Center ICPO - International Criminal Police Organization. ICWA Indian Council of World Affairs IDEA - Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance IDSA - Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses IFRI - Institut fran ais des relations internationals IMF - International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization IORA Indian Ocean Rim Association. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. IPEF Indo-Pacific Economic Framework ISA International Solar Alliance. IUU Illegal, unreported, and unregulated KAS - Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Mea - Ministry of External Affairs Mofa - Ministry of Foreign Affairs NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NBR National Bureau of Asian Research ORF - Observer Research Foundation PM- Prime Minister QUAD/ QSD -. Quadrilat ral Security Dialogue. RAN - Radio Access Network. SAF - Sustainable aviation fuel TICAD - Tokyo International Conference on African Development. UN United Nations UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USA / US United States of America USCC - U.S. China Commission / United States China Economic and Security Review Commission USD United States Dollar Viz - which is WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization. WTO - World Trade Organization 5G - Fifth generation 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

22. Tcharticles Analysis 22 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 1. Mofa Japan-New Plan for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) -2023 https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100477660.pdf 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

23. Tcharticles Analysis 23 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 13. 14 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

24. Tcharticles Analysis 24 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35 36.

25. Tcharticles Analysis 25 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.

26. Tcharticles Analysis 26 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.

27. Tcharticles Analysis 27 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.

28. Tcharticles Analysis 28 List Of Sources Sr. No. Source Source Link 73. 74. 75. 76. 77 . 78. 79. 80. 81.

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