Determinants of Board Gender Diversity in Bahrain Bourse Firms
Explore the determinants of board gender diversity in firms listed in Bahrain Bourse from this study conducted by Reem Khamis Hamdan. The research delves into the impact of having women on boards, the theoretical background, methodology, and key findings that can shape future research on the topic.
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Presentation Transcript
Determinants of Board gender Diversity in firms listed in Bahrain Bourse Reem Khamis Hamdan EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN BUSINESS & SOCIETY BUSINESS & SOCIETY 8th 9thNovember 2017
Agenda Background Literature Review and Theoretical background Methodology Results Future Research
Background Women representation on the board of directors has been a hot topic on the strategic agendas of many governments and corporations (Norway, France, Spain, UAE, Malaysia) Beside the ethical part of board gender diversity, there is the business case of it.
Literature Review And Theoretical Background Board gender diversity is not only an ethical issue of rights and equality, however, a growing empirical evidence has shown that presence of females in boardrooms has a significant effect on board performance and corporate performance as well. This effect may be as a result of various elements that females may bring to the boardroom dynamics which eventually enhance performance. (Abdullah etal. 2016)
Theoretical Background Agency Theory Resource Dependence Theory Tokenism Critical Mass Theory Stakeholders Theory
Methodology The study was conducted in Bahrain Bourse which contains 39 listed companies. Data was collected for the period of 5 years (2011 to 2015). Data was collected manually from companies financial reports and Bahrain Bourse database
Measurement of variables Variable? Woman?on?Board:? Symbol? ? Definition?and?Measurement? ? ? ? Number? of? Woman? on? Board? ? WoB? ? The? number? of? female? board? members.? ? Firm?performance:? ? ? ? ? Return? on? Assets? ? ROA? ? The? ratio? of? the? net? income? to? the? total? assets.? Simple? Tobin's? Q? ? Tobin's? Q? ? Is? the? (Market? value? of? equity? +? Book? value? of? short? term? liabilities)? Book? value? of? total? assets.? Control?variables:? ? ? ? ? Board? size? ? Bsize? ? Number? of? Board? members.? Board? independence? ? Bindep? ? The? ratio? of? independent? members? in? the? board.? Institutional? ownership? ? InstOwner? ? Fraction? of? shares? owned? by? the? institutional? investors.? Ownership? concentration? ? OwnerConc? ? The? ratio? of? total? percentage? of? shareholding? by? the? largest? shareholder? (top1)? divided? by? the? sum? of? shareholdings? of? largest? five? shareholders? in? the? company.? Logarithm? of? the? company s? total? assets.? Firm? size? ? Size? ? Firm? age? ? Age? ? The? natural? log? of? the? number? of? years? that? a? firm? is? listed? on? an? exchange.? Total? debt? divided? by? total? assets.? Leverage? ? Leverage? ? Sector? ? Sector? ? Dummy? variable? that? equals? one? for? industrial? firms,? otherwise? zero.? ?
Descriptive Statistics No. of women (0.59) Percentage of women 6%
Regression Analysis Negative statistically significant effect between (Presence of women and Tobin s Q) Board size affect the presence of women Ownership concentration ,institutional ownership, has positive effect on the presence of women
Limitation and Future Research Generalizability Considering country level factors such as (economic and socio- political factors.
