Dhvani Theory: A Study by Dr. Madhu Kamra and Anandvardhana
Study the Dhvani Theory, an aesthetic suggestion developed by Anandvardhana, focusing on the suggestive quality of poetic language. Explore its structure, types, and key proponents like Abhinavagupta and Mammata Bhatta.
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DHVANI THEORY: A STUDY DR. DR. MADHU MADHU KAMRA KAMRA HOD, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR HOD, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH DURGA DURGA MAHAVIDYALAYA MAHAVIDYALAYA madhukamra09@gmail.com
1. THE DHVANI THEORY ANANDVARDHANA - A REPUTED KASHMIRI POET AND PHILOSOPHER. AN EXPERT IN SANSKRIT AND PRAKRIT LANGUAGE. A LITERARY CRITIC DURING THE REIGN OF KING AVANTIVARMAN.
2. DHVANYALOKA IS ALSO CALLED THE "LAKSHANA GRANTHA". WRITTEN IN THE 9TH CENTURY. CONTAINS 4 UDDYOTAS. ARTICULATES THE PHILOSOPHY OF ' AESTHETIC SUGGESTIONS'.
3. DHVANYALOKA- THE WORD 'DHVANI' LITERALLY MEANS 'SOUND' SUGGESTS - " THE SOURCE OF ECHO" MEANS THE SUGGESTIVE QUALITY OF POETIC LANGUAGE BASICALLY A SEMANTIC THEORY.
4. STRUCTURE OF DHVANYALOKA CONSISTS OF KARS - DOCTRINE STATED IN IN VERSES. AND VRUTTI - PARAPHRASAL SECTION OR PART OF EXPLANATION.
5. TYPES OF DHVANI ANANDAVARDHANA CATEGORIZES DHVANI AS: VASTU DHVANI - FOCUS ON IDEAS AS FACTS. RASA DHVANI - FOCUSES ON 'RASA'. ALANKARA DHVANI - FOCUSES ON FIGURES OF SPEECH. LAKSHANA DHVANI - FOCUSES ON ASIDHA- LITERAL MEANING IS INTENDED .
6. WHAT IS DHVANI? ANANDAVARDHANA SAYS THAT "DHVANI IS DIFFERENT FROM THE EARLIER STATED CONCEPTS". DHVANI IS - SUGGESTIVE MEANING. HE SAYS THAT BEAUTIFUL IDEAS IN POETRY ARE OF 2 KINDS - LITERAL ( V CYA) IMPLIED (PRATIYAM NA). THE SUGGESTED SENSE MAY BE OF 3 KINDS- A. AN IDEA, B. A FIGURE OF SPEECH, C. AN EMOTION.
7. WHAT IS SUGGESTED MEANING? THE SUGGESTED MEANING IS ONE WHICH IS NOT EXPLICITLY STATED, YET IT IS UNDERSTOOD BY THE SAHRUDAYAAS.
8.LATER PROPONENTS ABHINAVAGUPTA (AUTHOR OF LOCANA AND ABHINAVABHARATI) MAMMATA BHATTA ( AUTHOR OF KAVYAPRAKASA) THE DOCTRINE OF DHVANI US AN EXTENSION OF RASA THEORY. DHVANI THEORY ILLUSTRATES THE METHOD OF UTILISING RASA FOR ACADEMIC EFFECT.
9. FIERCE CRITICISM DHVANI THEORY FACED LOUD AND HEAVY CRITICISM- THE SCHOOLS OF NY YA AND MIM MS DO NOT APPROVE THE SUGGESTIVE POWER OF WORDS. MANORATHA, A CONTEMPORARY OF ANANDAVARDHANA, CALLED THE 'DHVANI CONCEPT' INSANE AND ABSURD. JAYANTABHATTA IN HIS WRITING NY YAMA JAR CALLS IT AS UNWORTHY OF SERIOUS INTERPRETATION. MUKULBHATTA , ANOTHER SCHOLAR SAYS THAT "DHVANI FALLS WITHIN THE SPHERE OF LAKS NA (PRIMARY SENSE OF THE WORD)".
10. CONCLUSION DHVANI THEORY IS A THEORY OF MEANING AND SYMBOLISM WHICH LEADS TO THE POETRY OF SUGGESTION BEING ACCEPTED AS THE HIGHEST KIND OF POETRY. DHVANI THEORY IS, THEREFORE, ANANDAVARDHANA'S GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO THE POETIC WORLD. THROUGH DHVANI OR VYANJANA THE POST CREATES A WORLD OF HIS EXPRESSION EMBELLISHED WITH VARIOUS POETIC DEVICES. HENCE, DHVANI IN TRUE SENSE IS BEYOND THE SUGGESTIBLE MEANING AND SUGGESTIBLE ELEMENT. ANANDAVARDHANA'S DHVANI THEORY IS HIGHLY SUPPORTED BY ABHINAVGUPTA.
