Different Approaches to Language Assessment
Explore the four major approaches to language assessment - Essay-Translation, Structural, Integrative, and Communicative. Understand their characteristics and examples to determine the most suitable assessment method for language proficiency evaluation.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter Two Approaches to Language Assessment
There are four major approaches to language assessment: 1. The Essay-Translation Approach: It is described as being prescientific, lacking objectivity and reliability and the tests are mainly written exercises. 2. The Structural(ist) Approach: It is described as being objective, precise, reliable and scientific. The analytical assessment or discrete-point approach is followed. An example of structural tests is the TOEFL.
The third major approach to assessment is: The Integrative Approach: It involves the testing of language in context and is concerned with meaning, and the total communicative effect of discourse. Thus, it is the exact reverse of analytical assessment. Examples of integrative tests include: cloze test, dictation, oral interviews and composition.
The fourth approach to assessment is: The Communicative Approach: Unlike integrative tests, communicative tests are concerned primarily with assessing real communication. Language use is often emphasized to the exclusion of language usage. This approach has introduced the concept of criterion-referenced assessment in preference to norm-referenced assessment.
