Disability: Definition, Types, and Prevention
Disability can be congenital or acquired, affecting physical and mental abilities. The World Health Organization distinguishes impairment, disability, and handicap. Congenital disabilities may result from genetic disorders or exposure during pregnancy. Acquired disabilities can stem from traumatic incidents, infectious diseases, occupational hazards, drugs, and nutritional or metabolic factors. Prevention strategies include genetic counseling, vaccination, antenatal care, safety measures, and early diagnosis. Secondarily, early detection and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for effective case management.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
DISABILITY By DR. EMAN RAMADAN GHAZAWY
Definition: morbidity that interferes with leading normal life and activities, and may be congenital or acquired. disability is physical or/and mental
WHAT IS DISABILITY? The World Health Organization (WHO 1976) draws on a three fold distinction between impairment, disability and handicap: Impairment physiological or anatomical structure or function. is any loss or abnormality of psychological, Disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Handicap is a disadvantage, for a given individual, resulting from impairment or a disability, which prevents the fulfillment of a role that is considered normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual.
CONGENITAL DISABILITY: I. Genetic disorder: due to gene mutation and chromosomal aberrations. II. Exposure to intrauterine hazards: Infection (TORSH) radiation, teratogenicity, smoking. Malnutrition of mother and exposure to air pollution. Forms of congenital anomalies: mental retardation, anencephaly, hydrocephalus, spina bifida, Down's syndrome, congenital heart disease, kidney disease, cleft palate deaf-mutism.
ACQUIRED DISABILITY 1. Traumatic: accidents are very important cause of disability. 2. Infectious diseases: as paralytic polio, meningitis and encephalitis 3. Occupational disability: deafness from exposure to noise, and extensive lung fibrosis of silicosis. 4. Drugs: e.g. streptomycin may be complicated by deafness, iatrogenic drugs during pregnancy 5. Nutritional: Vitamin A deficiency causes blindness 6. Metabolic: e.g. phenylketonuria causing mental retardation Forms of acquired disability: impaired vision, impaired hearing, defects of speech, skeletal deformities, mental retardation.
PREVENTION OF DISABILITY 1ry prevention: Preconception toxoplasmosis and syphilis, genetic counseling, and MMR vaccination. Antenatal Care Health Education of mother Prevention of infectious diseases. Safety measures and prevention of injuries and accidents. Preventing exposure to occupational hazards. Early diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. First aid and management of injuries and accidents Care: diagnosis and treatment of
2ry prevention: Early detection of disabilities, the earlier discovery the better the results of case management. Proper evaluation of mentally, psychologically and socially to plan the management scheme Appraisal for the family situation and their ability to deal with the case. the case physically,
3ry prevention: The goal is to reach independence compatible with disability, and to have a socially accepted, socially sufficient person. The aim of rehabilitation is to achieve an individual who is useful member of the community; if then a person who is useful for himself, if then at least a person who is not a burden to others. Aspect of rehabilitation: physical, psychological, educational, vocational and social
MOST AWAITED SLIDE AFTER EVERY LECTURE
