Disparities and Program Participation in Disability-Focused Programs

Disparities and Program Participation Participation in General and Disability-Focused Programs

Agenda Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) Medicare/Medicaid Veterans Administration Benefits (VA)

Disability Focused Disability Focused Programs and Policies Programs and Policies

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) What? Who? Website Data points available Data about students receiving special education by disability type by race and level of education time in classrooms, expulsions and suspensions https://www2.ed.gov/pro grams/osepidea/618- data/index.html Administered by the U.S. Department of Education Governs how public agencies provide early intervention and related services to youth with disabilities Provides special education and related services Infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families served under IDEA part C Children and youth (ages 3-21 years) served under IDEA part B Main website - https://disabilitycompend ium.org/ Compendium

Students Served by IDEA Part B in the U.S. by Age in 2018 3,500,000 2,972,068 2,899,877 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 802,486 338,953 500,000 0 3 to 5 6 to 11 12 to 17 18 to 21 Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020 (Table 13.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. Note: Sourced from the United States Department of Education, 2018, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act public data & resources; 2014 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act part B data. 5

Students Ages 6-21 Years Served by IDEA, Part B in 2018 by Select Diagnostic Categories 2,500,000 2,330,111 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,020,336 1,001,986 1,000,000 658,147 417,649 500,000 342,848 0 Specific Learning Disability Speech or Language Impairment Intellectual Disabilities Emotional Disturbance Other Health Impairments Autism Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020 (Tables 13.3b-13.3d). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. Note: Sourced from United States Department of Education, 2018, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act public data & resources; 2014 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act part B data. 6

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) What? Who? Website Data points available https://www.ssa.gov/disa bility/data/ssa-sa- mowl.htm Administered by the Social Security Administration Monthly benefit paid to eligible workers with disabilities and family members Eligibility depends on evidence of disability and sufficient work history Person under 65 years of age Qualify as having a severe disability Main website SSDI allowance rate Number of beneficiaries of SSDI Average monthly payment amount https://disabilitycompen dium.org/ Compendium

SSDI Allowance Rate 70 60 Allowance Rate (In Percent) 50 40 30 20 10 0 MO ME MI MN DC MD MS MT NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND DE MA State Abbreviation NE PA VA TN TX VT AZ AL KY WV WI WY AK AR ID KS SC SD FL GA IN IA LA WA OH OK OR UT CO CT HI IL RI CA allowance rate average Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020 (Table 15.1). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. Note: Sourced from Social Security Administration, 2019, SSA State Agency Monthly Workload Data. 8

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) What? Who? Website Data points available Number of recipients Total payment received Average monthly payments Number of blind and disabled recipients Number of federally administered awards https://www.ssa.gov/pol icy/docs/statcomps/supp lement/2019/7b.html Administered by the Social Security Administration Federal income supplement program funded by general tax revenues Provides cash to meet basic needs of food, shelter and clothing Aged, blind and people with disabilities who have little or no income Main website https://disabilitycompen dium.org/ Compendium

Supplemental Security Income - Number of Recipients Supplemental Security Income - Total Federally Administered Payments 6,069,204 , 11% 1,166,510, 14% 475,579, 1% 68,738, 1% 49,299,809, 88% 6,840,567, 85% Aged Blind Disabled Aged Blind Disabled Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020 (Tables 12.1 & 12.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. Note: Sourced from Social Security Administration, 2019, Annual Statistical Supplement, Table 7.B1. 10

Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) What? Who? Website Data points available Number/Percent of participants Number/Percent of cases closed with/without employment Number/Percent participants whose primary support is own income Average hourly wage https://rsa.ed.gov/ Administered by the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) Offer employment services to people with mental and physical disabilities Services designed to train individuals to attain and retain employment People with mental, emotional, learning or physical disabilities that is a real barrier to them getting a job Main website https://disabilitycompen dium.org/ Compendium

Vocational Rehabilitation - Number of Cases Closed with and without Employment in the United States: 2016 Vocational Rehabilitation - Number of Participants Whose Primary Support is Own Income in the United States : 2016 160,000 150,645 140,000 120,000 141620 Number of participants 100,000 80,000 186570 60,000 51,370 40,000 20,000 0 Without Employment With Employment At application At Closure Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020 (Tables 14.1 & ). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. Note: Sourced from U.S. Department of Education, Rehabilitation Services Administration, (2016), Management Information System, Ad Hoc Query of the RSA-911 Cumulative Caseload Report. Data for this table can be found at https://rsa.ed.gov. 12

Think out loud There are different eligibility guidelines for each of these programs. Ask yourself what programs the following individuals might be eligible for? What considerations must be made to determine eligibility? 1. A 5-year-old child with autism who needs special education because of their disability 2. Someone who ages out of IDEA eligibility and wants to get employed 13

Public Health Insurance Programs What? Who? Website Data points available Number/Percent of people covered by private/public health insurance https://www.cms.gov/ Medicaid and Medicare are national health insurance programs Administered by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) or jointly by the CMS and states Medicare people 65 years and over or younger people with disabilities Main website https://disabilitycompen dium.org/ Compendium Medicaid - low- income people, elderly adults and people with disabilities

Health Insurance Coverage Civilians with Disabilities Ages 18-64 Years Living in the Community for the United States in 2019 100 89.6 90 80 70 60 Percentage 55 46.1 50 40 30 20 10.4 10 0 Overall Private Type of Health Insurance Public No Coverage Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020 (Tables 9.1 & 9.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. Note: Authors calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, 2019, which is subject to sampling variation. 15

Veterans Administration (VA) Disability Compensation What? Who? Website Data points available Amount of compensation and pension https://www.va.gov/disa bility/ A monthly tax-free payment to Veterans who got sick or injured while serving in the military. Administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Veterans Qualified dependents Main website https://disabilitycompen dium.org/ Compendium

VA Disability Compensation & Pension Benefits Paid by State, 2019 Top 5 States United States Texas California Florida North Carolina Georgia Total ($) 97,637,686 10,261,180 8,354,915 7,608,440 4,772,645 4,383,902 Bottom 5 States Total ($) Vermont Wyoming North Dakota Rhode Island Delaware 159,808 203,048 212,542 253,652 282,154

Conclusion Many government programs are designed to increase the social and economic well being of people with disabilities. These programs span a number of fields health insurance, education, and employment. Eligibility guidelines vary. Government agencies track data from these programs to determine how these programs are performing.

References Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. [1] Houtenville, A. and Rafal, M. (2020). Annual Report on People with Disabilities in America: 2020. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. [2] US Department of Education (ED). (2020, February 19). IDEA Section 618 Data Products. Home. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/index.html. Social Security Administration. SSA State Agency Monthly Workload Data. (n.d.). https://www.ssa.gov/disability/data/ssa- sa-mowl.htm. Social Security Administration. Social Security Administration Research, Statistics, and Policy Analysis. (n.d.). https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2019/7b.html. Rehabilitation Services Administration. Home | Rehabilitation Services Administration. (n.d.). https://rsa.ed.gov/. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CMS. (n.d.). https://www.cms.gov/. VA disability compensation. Veterans Affairs Benefits. (n.d.). https://www.va.gov/disability/.

Answer key 1. IDEA. If a child or youth 3-21 years who has a disability and needs special education because of the disability. 2. Vocational Rehabilitation services.