Earths Energy Budget: Sunlight, Atmosphere, and Ground Interaction
Exploring Earth's energy budget, this content visualizes the sunlight's journey from outer space to the ground. It illustrates how sunlight interacts with the atmosphere, reflects, and gets absorbed by the Earth, highlighting the energy distribution process.
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Presentation Transcript
Earths Energy Budget EARTH S ENERGY BUDGET Energy radiating from the sun Energy radiating into space 1
Earths Energy Budget SUN OUTER SPACE A___ B___ AIR ____ Part 1: Sunlight D___ C___ EARTH ____ 2
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ B___ AIR ____ A parcel is a simple unit of energy, exactly one percent of the total amount of energy that the sun sends to the earth every day. D___ C___ EARTH ____ 3
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 B___ Watch what happens to 100 parcels that come from our sun. AIR ____ D___ C___ EARTH ____ 4
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 The sunlight hits the atmosphere first, before it can get to the ground. B___ 23 AIR ____ About 23 BOEs bounce off the clouds and back to outer space. to outer space. About 23 parcels bounce off the clouds and back D___ C___ EARTH ____ This is an average obviously some places are cloudier than others. 5
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 More than half of the sunlight goes right through the air and down to the More than half of the sunlight goes right through the air and down to the earth surface. earth s surface. B___ 23 AIR ____ D___ 55 C___ That s good; otherwise the earth would be dark and cold! EARTH ____ 6
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 That leaves about 22 parcels (100-23-55). That energy is absorbed by the air, That leaves about 22 parcels (100-23-55). That energy is absorbed by the air, making it warmer. making it warmer. B___ 23 AIR ____ 22 D___ 55 C___ EARTH ____ 7
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 Some sunlight just bounces off the surface of the earth and goes back out to outer space. B___ 23 AIR ____ 22 Reflection: 7 parcels D___ 7 55 C___ This is an average. Dark soil and water reflect less sunlight than white clouds do. The arrow for reflection from the earth is therefore thinner than the one for reflection from clouds.. EARTH ____ 8
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 The rest of the sun s energy (after all this reflection) goes into the ground. Subtract 7 (for reflection) from the 55 parcels that came from the sun to the ground. the ground. The rest of the sun s energy (after all this reflection) goes into the ground. Subtract 7 (for reflection) from the 55 parcels that came from the sun to B___ 23 AIR ____ 22 D___ 7 55 C___ EARTH ____ 48 9
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 This is the energy that heats the surface of the earth (the ground and the water in oceans and lakes). B___ 23 AIR ____ 22 D___ 7 55 C___ Some of this energy makes plants grow. Millions of years of decaying plants and animals (fossil fuels) have stored solar energy. EARTH ____ 48 10
Part 2: OUTER SPACE Land and Water I___ L __ J ___ Remember (from Part 1) that the earth s surface got 48 parcels of energy Remember (from Part 1) that the earth s surface got 48 parcels of energy from the sun. from the sun. H___ M__ F__ K___ G__ _ E___ 48 11 from sun
OUTER SPACE I___ L __ About 25 parcels are used to evaporate water and eventually make clouds eventually make clouds About 25 parcels are used to evaporate water and J ___ H___ M__ F__ K___ 25 G__ _ E___ 48 48 from sun 12
OUTER SPACE 6 parcels heat the air near the ground. I___ L __ J ___ Some of that air moves upward (hot air rises), some goes sideways (wind) H___ M__ F__ 6 K___ 25 G__ _ E___ 48 13 from sun
If an object has heat, some will radiate away. OUTER SPACE The warm earth radiates about 117 parcels. I___ 12 L __ J ___ About 105 parcels are absorbed by the air or clouds. the air or clouds. About 105 parcels are absorbed by H___ 105 M__ 6 6 F__ K___ 25 G__ _ The other 12 go on through the air to outer space. E___ 48 14 from sun
Problem: OUTER SPACE The surface of the earth gets 48 parcels from the sun from the sun The surface of the earth gets 48 parcels I___ 12 L __ J ___ It sends away It sends away It sends away It sends away a total of 148 parcels parcels parcels parcels parcels It sends away a total of 148 a total of 148 a total of 148 a total of 148 H___ 105 M__ 6 F__ K___ 25 G__ _ Solution: Part 3 The Atmosphere E___ 48 48 from sun 15
Part 3: OUTER SPACE The Atmosphere I___ 12 L __ J ___ 22 from sun Remember (from Part 1): Energy from the sun. Energy from the sun H___ 105 M__ 6 F__ K___ 25 G__ _ E___ 48 16 from sun
OUTER SPACE It also gets energy from the earth: Coming from the sun: I___ 12 L __ J ___ 22 from sun Parcels heating the air H___ 105 From evaporation of water: M__ 6 F__ K___ 25 G__ _ From longwave radiation E___ 48 17 from sun
Earths Energy Balance EARTH S ENERGY BALANCE: Atmosphere Converting sunlight into heat: 22 From the ground: 6 Evaporation of water: 25 Radiation from the earth: 105 Radiative equilibrium tells us that the longwave radiation emitted by the earth will (eventually) equal the amount of solar radiation that is absorbed by the earth. Energy coming into the atmosphere 18
OUTER SPACE Satellites record about 58 parcels of radiation Satellites record about 58 parcels of radiation moving to outer space moving to outer space Satellites record about 58 BOEs of radiation moving to outer space from the atmosphere. from the atmosphere. from the atmosphere. I___ 12 L __ 58 J ___ 22 H___ 105 M__ 6 F__ K___ 25 G__ _ E___ 48 19
OUTER SPACE Satellites record about 58 parcels of radiation moving to outer space from the atmosphere. I___ 12 L __ 58 J ___ 22 Warmer lower air radiates nearly 99 parcels down to the Warmer lower air radiates nearly 99 parcels down to the ground. ground. H___ 105 M__ 6 F__ K___ 99 25 G__ _ E___ 48 20
OUTER SPACE Satellites record about 58 parcels of radiation moving to outer space Satellites record about 58 BOEs of radiation moving to outer space from the atmosphere. from the atmosphere. I___ 12 L __ 58 J ___ 22 Warmer lower air radiates nearly 99 parcels down to the ground. H___ 105 1 M__ 6 F__ K___ 99 25 G__ _ Rain carries some heat from the air to the earth. earth. Rain carries some heat from the air to the E___ 48 21
Earths Energy Balance Let s Review! EARTH S ENERGY BALANCE: Atmosphere Incoming Energy Outgoing Energy Shortwave radiation from the sun: 22 Longwave radiation to outer space 58 Heating of air by the warm ground: 6 Evaporation of water: 25 Longwave radiation down to the ground 99 Precipitation down to the ground 1 Longwave radiation from the earth: 105 21
Part 4: Human Activity Putting it all together! Remember that every number is a global average and is likely to be different in different places. It is hard to measure the importance of human activity in causing changes in this huge and complicated system. 23
Part 4: Human Activity How can human activity alter some parts of the system? Use what you learned from Parts 1-3 to answer the questions in Part 4! 24
SUN A___ I___ L __ J ___ B___ from sun AIR ____ AIR H___ D___ M__ C___ F__ K___ G__ _ EARTH ____ EARTH ____ E___ 25 from sun
SUN OUTER SPACE A___ 100 I___ 12 L___ 58 J___ 22 B___ 23 from sun AIR ____ 22 AIR H___ 105 D___ 7 M__ 1 F__ 6 55 C___ K___ 99 25 G__ _ EARTH EARTH ____ 48 E___ 48 26 from sun
